第一篇:英语复数用法
第一部分:规则变化
情况 构成法 读音 例词
一般情况(包括以e结尾的名词)加-s-s在清辅音[p][t][k] [f]后读[s]
在浊辅音和元音后读[z]
在辅音[s][z][d ?]后读[iz]
口诀:清清浊浊元浊
Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces
以s, x, ch, sh结尾 加-es 在[s][z][?][t?]后读[iz] Classes, boxes, watches, brushes
以辅音 y结尾 变y为i,加es 读[z] Cities, countries, studies
以元音 y结尾 加-s 读[z] Boys, rays, days
有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列。
情况 构成法 读音 例词
以o 结尾 加-es 读[z] Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes
加-s 读[z] Bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos
以f, fe结尾
变f, fe为v,再加-es 读[vz] Leaf-leaves
Life-lives
Wife-wives
加-s 读[s] Roofs, proofs, chiefs
第二部分:不规则变化
我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。我们经常看见的有man-men,woman-women,child-children等等。还有一些名词,单复数是同一个形式的。不过,我们还是可以通过一些比较,发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。(下面内容,可以量力而行。有的可能很难,需要以后慢慢消化吸收)
一、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
二、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
三、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
四、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。读音变化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
五、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
读音变化:尾音[E]改读[i:]。
例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
六、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
七、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化:没有规律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen 八、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词: 例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren 九、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基础;datum→data数据;foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号;phenomenon→phenomena现象;radius→radii 半径
tooth→teeth;woman→women
十、有些名词是单数、复数不分的
例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鲑鱼;trout 鳟鱼 十一、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词
例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;traffic交通
十二、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀
trousers长裤;wages工资
十三、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十四、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词
例:pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
十五、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,例:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
十六、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters | 我们经常看见的有man-men,woman-women,child-children等等。还有一些名词,单复数是同一个形式的。不过,我们还是可以通过一些比较,发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。(下面内容,可以量力而行。有的可能很难,需要以后慢慢消化吸收)
一、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
二、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
三、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
四、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。
读音变化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
五、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化:尾音[E]改读[i:]。
例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
六、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
七、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化:没有规律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen 八、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词:
例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren 九、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基础;datum→data数据;foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men
mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号;phenomenon→phenomena现象;radius→radii 半径
tooth→teeth;woman→women
十、有些名词是单数、复数不分的
例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鲑鱼;trout 鳟鱼 十一、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词
例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;traffic交通
十二、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀
trousers长裤;wages工资
十三、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十四、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词
例:pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
十五、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,例:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
十六、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数,一般把f或fe变成v, 再加-es。knife→knives leaf→leaves wife→wives life→lives shelf→shelves thief→thieves wolf→wolves half→halves dwarf→dwarves 以下以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时,直接加-s。
roofs 屋顶 chiefs 首长 proofs 证据 cliffs 悬崖 safes 保险箱 gulfs 海湾 beliefs 信念 serfs 农奴 briefs 摘要 griefs 悲痛
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: 规则 例词 1 2 一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词
thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, volcanos 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s zoo-zoos 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s path-paths, 2.不规则名词复数:
truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下: 规则 1 例词
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3 只有复数形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,people, police, cattle, staff compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7 表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
sons-in-law, lookers-on,grown-ups, Englishmen, Frenchwomen 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数
passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
第二篇:名词单数变复数的用法
名词单数变复数的用法
1.名词复数的构成方法
规则变化的复数名词遵循以下原则:(1)在一般情况下,加词尾-s:
desk→desks 书桌 tree→trees 树 face→faces 脸
(2)以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es: bus→buses 公共汽车 box→boxes 盒子 dish→dishes 盘子 peach →peaches桃子
(3)以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母 y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 i s;以“元音字母 y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:
city→cities 城市 boy→boys 男孩 key→keys 钥匙 family→families
(4)以o结尾的名词,一般词尾-s,(除了四个单词-es tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄),Negro(黑人)。piano→pianos 钢琴 tomato→tomatoes 西红柿
(5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,一般将 f / fe 改为 ves: knife→knives 小刀 thief→thieves 贼 life→lives 生命
【注】初中英语中这类名词主要的有wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。它们的复数形式均是将词尾的f或fe改为ves。另外,也有的以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词直接加词尾-s构成复数(如roof →roofs 屋顶),但这在初中英语中很少见。
2.单数与复数同形的名词
初中英语中主要的有: sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿 Chinese 中国人
Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 等
3.不规则的复数名词
有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则:
man→men 男人 woman→women 女人 child→children 小孩
tooth→teeth 牙齿 foot→feet 脚 mouse→mice 老鼠 goose→ geese鹅
【注】一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词,构成复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同,如:
policeman→policemen 警察 Englishwoman→Englishwomen(女)英国人
另外,当man和woman用于名词前作定语时,若其后被修饰的名词为复数,则man和woman也要用复数:
man nurse→men nurses 男护士 woman doctor→women doctors 女医生
第三篇:英语名词复数练习题
名词变复数练习题
一、请写出下列词的复数形式。
this _____________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich__________ paper_________ juice__________ water____________ milk___________ rice__________
二.写出下列各词的复数
I _____ him ______ this ______ her _____ watch ____
child_______ photo_______ diary_____ day_____ foot____ book______ dress________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box______ strawberry _______ thief _____ yo-yo ________ peach______ sandwich _____ man______ woman______ paper______ juice_______ milk_____ rice_____ tea_____ people_______ CD______三.请把下列各词变成复数形式:1、hero 2、potato 3、match 4、boy5、city 6、kangaroo 7、radio 8、zoo9、photo 10、leaf 11、knife 12、scarf13、mouth 14、man 15、foot 16、tooth17、child 18、mouse 19、woman 20、Chinese21、sheep 22、fish 23、glass
四.给下列的名词加上复数的形式:
Thriller_________ documentary ________ comedy________ action_________ movie ______ life_______ knife _______ fry________ leaf________ photo_______ radio ________piano_______ zoo________ tomato _______ potato______ bus_______ watch ________ box_______ book_______ map______
cat ______ film ________ door_______ month_______ horse______ picture_______ class______ boy_______ tooth_______
woman ________ eye_______ tooth _______ German________ Chinese______ man _______football________ child_______ classroom _______ monkey_______ tree________ egg_______ coat________ Frenchman_________
选择填空1、They are________A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors2、There are ive____ in the hill.A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers3、Those white socks ____ small.A: are B: is C: am D: do4、We have many _____in our school.A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher5、Do you like _____?A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable6、How many _____do they have?A: picture B: pictures C: a picture7、There are six ____in the room.A:volleyball B: volleyballs C: a volleyball D: volleyballs8、Are these ____teachers?A: woman B: women C: womans9、It is ____.A: milk B: a milk C: an molk D: milks10、It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____.A: apple, egg B: cake,egg C: egg,orange D: egg,cake11、Tom and Jim are ___.A: friends B: friend C: brother D: sister12、Where are his ____? ___the dresser.A: keys , They are on B: key, They are on
C: keys, It is at D:key, It is in13、Are those your ____?A: bookes B: boxs C: apples D: apple
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单复数的形式;而不可数名词没有可数名词复数变化规则如下:1、一般情况下,直接加“s”,如:book—books、bag—bags、cat—cats、bed—beds2、以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾,加“es”,如:bus—buses、box—boxes、watch—watches3、以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加“es”,如:family—families、strawberry—strawberries4、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加“es”,如:knife—knives5、以o结尾,有生命的加“es”, 无生命的加“s”.如:potato—potatoes、zoo—zoos6、不规则名词复数:man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish
sheep-sheep people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
当people后加上“s”时即peoples表示“民族”例如:There are peoples in China.以下词为常为不可数名词,他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water milk tea rice orange juice bread不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示,如a cup of tea、two cups of tea
名词复数练习题选择填空1.They come from different ______A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes and pencil-boxes B.knives and pencils-boxC.knives and pencil-box D.knives and pencils-boxes4.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs5._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato
6.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys7.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs and wolfs B.Foxes and wolfs C.Foxes and wolves.8.What do you want to drink much ?A.a milk B.milk C.milks.9.This is—— room.It’s very big.A.Lily and Lucy’s B.Lily’s and Lucy’s C.Lily’s and Lucy
10.What do you want some for supper?A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos11.In autumn,you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
12.My sister has two.One is old,the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches
13.There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos14.That’a art book.A.an B.a C.the D are
15.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches将以下单复数句进行转换1、This is a knife.2、That is a tomato.3、That child is very good.4、These are mice.5、Those are children.单项选择 1.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.boys C.boies3.A cat has four ____ , doesn’t it?A.foots B.feet C.feets4.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A.American,Japanese B.Americans,Japanese C.American, Japanese5.Can you see nine ____ in the picture?A.fish B.book C.horse6.The _____ has two______.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths9.I saw many _____ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
选择填空 1.They come from different ______A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachersC.women teacher D.woman teacher4.Would you like _______ ,please?A.two glass of water B.two glasses of waterC.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, GermenC.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, travelingC.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs10.My uncle has three _______.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
第四篇:英语复数变化规则
英语名词单数变复数主要有以下规则:
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
辅音包括清辅音和浊辅音两大类。
发音时声带不震动、送气的叫清辅音, 读[s] /p/、/t/、/k/、/f/、/θ/、/s/、/W/、/t∫/、/ts/、/tr/,再加上/r/、/h/,合计12个。;
发音时声带震动、不送气的叫浊辅音, 读[z]
/b/、/d/、/g/、/v/、/ð/、/z/、/T/、/dv/、/dz/、/dr/再加 上/m/、/n/、/N/、/l/、/j/、/w/合计16个。
(有一些字母电脑打不出)
例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化:统一加读[iz]。
例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes box →boxes;watch →watches;actress →actresses;class →classes;coach(长途车)→coaches;dress →dresses;sandwich →sandwiches;toothbrush →toothbrushes;waitress(女侍者)→waitresses
三、以辅音字母 y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:candy→candies;daisy(雏菊)→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories
strawberry →strawberries;baby →babies;puppy →puppies;library →libraries;dictionary →dictionaries;cherry →cherries;activity →activities
四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。(有生命的加es,无生命的加s)
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes;bingo(彩票式游戏)→bingoes
反例:silo(青贮塔)→silos;piano→pianos(外来词);photo→photos;macro(宏指令,计机算语言)→macros(缩写词)
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff(员工)→staves;scarf(围巾)→scarves
目前搜集的直接加s:roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs, serf(农奴)-serfs,safe-safes,chief(负责人)-chiefs
这几个可变可不变: scarf-scarfs,handkerchief-handkerchiefs
六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。
读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。
例:fungus(真菌)→fungi;abacus(算盘)→abaci;focus(焦点)→foci;cactus(仙人掌)→cacti;cestus(拳击用的牛皮手套)→cesti
七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。
读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例:axis(轴线)→axes;basis→bases;naris(鼻孔)→nares;hypothesis(假设)→hypotheses;restis(索状体)→restes
八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。
例:matrix(矩阵)→matrices;directrix(准线)→directrices;calix(杯状窝,盏)→calices;appendix(阑尾)→appendices 反例:affix(粘住,使固定)→affixes
九、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。
读音变化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例:forum(论坛)→fora;stadium(体育场)→stadia;aquarium(水族鱼缸)→aquaria;datum(数据)→data;vacuum(真空,空虚)→vacua
十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
读音变化:尾音[E]改读[i:]。
例:larva(昆虫的幼虫)→larvae;formula(公式)→formulae;ala(翼)→alae;media(媒介)→mediae;hydra(九头蛇,水螅)→hydrae
十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon(蛙、三文鱼、大马哈)→salmon cannon →cannon;trout →trout(鳟鱼)
十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化:没有规律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen foot →feet;goose →geese;mouse →mice;tooth →teeth;datum →data数据十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词:
例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother(用于教堂)→brethren 十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基础;datum→data数据;foot→feet;
formula公式→formulae/formulas;goose→geese;louse虱子→lice;man→men
mouse→mice;
medium→media/mediums
备
媒忘
介录
;;emorandum→memoranda/memorandumsparenthesis→parentheses 圆括号;phenomenon→phenomena现象;radius→radii 半径 tooth→teeth;woman→women
十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例:deer;fish;cannon(大炮);sheep;salmon 鲑鱼;trout 鳟鱼十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词
例:absence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;traffic交通
十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀 trousers长裤;wages工资
十八、compound nouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law
媳
妇
;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;maid-servant→maid-servants 女仆tep-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿
十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词
例:pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
二十、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,例:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
二十一、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters
二十二、合成词单复数变化规则
1)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。例如:homework, newspaper等。
2)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。例如:woman doctor→women doctors, man waiter→men waiters.3)以“可数名词 介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时,把名词变复数。例如:fath-erinlaw→fathersinlaw.
4)以“动词/过去分词 副词”构成的复合名词变复数时,在词尾加s。例如:grownup→
grownups, standby→standbys.
二十三、集合名词单复数变化
有些名词为单数形式,但做整体概念来看待,称为集合名词或集体名词,如:people police cattle,其谓语动词一般用复数。有些名词为单数形式,做整体概念来看待时,谓语动词用单数。强调整体中具体人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。如:class, family, audience, committee, army.【例句】
1)The class are doing experiments on heat and light in the lab.
2)A large class is like a big banquet, which requires a teacher to make full pr eparation and have good performance.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
第五篇:小学英语复数形式归纳总结
小学英语名词复数形式归纳
规则变化规律: 一、一般情况下,直接在该词末尾加-s。
读音变化:-s在清辅音[p][t][k] [f]后读[s],在浊辅音和元音后读[z],在辅音[s][z][d?]后读[iz],口诀:清清浊浊元浊,结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:friend-friends;cat-cats;sport-sports;cups-cups, cake-cakes, flag-flags, face-faces book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
二、凡以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。
例:bus→buses;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes;class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes;brush-brushes.三、以y结尾
(1)以辅音字母 y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。
例:candy→candies; lady→ladies; story→stories; party-parties; family-families; story-stories; city-cities;strawberry-strawberries;
country-countries, study-studies,fairy→fairies;daisy→daisies.(2)以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u) y”结尾,直接加-s,读[z].如:boy-boys;toy—toys;ray-rays;day-days;key-keys.四、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]
例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;half---halves;wolf---wolves;loaf-loaves, wife---wives;thief---thieves; staff→staves;scarf→scarves。注意:也有例外,加-s,读[s]:
例:roof-roofs屋顶;proof-proofs;证明、证据 belief---beliefs;chief-chiefs;safe---safes;gulf---gulfs.两者皆可的有:如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
五、以-o结尾的名词:
1、以-o结尾的名词,加-s构成复数,读[z];photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园 ;piano→pianos钢琴;bamboo-bamboos竹子.2、特例:以-o结尾的名词,加-es,读音变化:加读[z] hero-heroes英雄, Negro-Negroes黑人, potato-potatoes土豆, tomato-tomatoes西红柿;mosquito-mosquites蚊子。
3、两者皆可 volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 火山;zero-zeros/zeroes斑马, mango-mangoe/ mangoes芒果。
六、以-th结尾的名词加-s :
truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,不规则名词复数:
一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化:保持原音。
例:fish-fish;sheep-sheep;cattle-cattle;deer-deer;salmon-salmon ;cannon-cannon;trout-trout 鳟鱼; Chinese;Germans ;Swiss ;Japanese。
二、少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化:没有规律。
例:man-men;woman-women;child-children;person-people;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese, mouse-mice.三、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别含义,例: waters(水域); fishes(各种)鱼;times(时代);drinks(饮料); looks(外表),papers(文件报纸), brains(头脑智力), sands(沙滩),goods(货物),customs(海关), forces(军队), spirits(情绪), manners(礼貌), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
四、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;shears大剪刀 ;trousers长裤;wages工资;spectacles,glasses,眼镜。若表达具体数目,要借助数量词
例:pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
五、合成名词
1、将主体名词变为复数:
例:daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law 媳妇;father-in-law → fathers-in-law岳父 maid-servant → maid-servants story-teller → story-tellers, boy friend → boy friends。无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数:
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches.将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants。
六、不同国籍人的单复数
国籍 总称(谓语用复数)单数 复数
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
7、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters
8、另外(1)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。(2)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
b.news 为不可数名词。
c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。