第一篇：简析《简爱》主人公性格形成及其影响（共）
摘要
本文通过三个方面分析了简爱的独特个性。首先，从简爱年少时的不幸遭遇概括了影响其性格的主要原因，父母的早逝、舅母的冷漠与虐待、劳沃德学校里不公平的待遇都对简爱小小的心灵有不小的震撼，使得她从小就渴望平等，同时也在心里埋下了自卑的种子。其次，简爱的鲜明个性：自尊、自爱、自强、不断反抗、敢于追求平等也给她以后的人生增添不少绚丽的色彩。但是最后，由于简爱的自卑心理使得她差点错失所爱，在心里达到所谓的平等、释放了自卑以后，才能重新面对当初的爱情。简爱不是完美女神，正是由于她的不完美，《简爱》才能鲜活生动的展现给我们读者,让我们的心中有了千千万万个不同的简爱。
关键词：独特个性平等 完美 自卑
Abstract
This article analyzes the unique character of Jane from three aspects.First of all, from Jane's unhappy experience in her childhood, we can summarize the main reasons for her character, the premature death of parents, her aunt's coldness and abuse, and the unfair treatment of the ward school, all of these are big shock to Jane’s little heart, which not only made her long for equality since the childhood，but buried/planted the seeds of the inferiority in her heart.Secondly, Jane has her own distinct personality: self-esteem, self-respect, self-improvement, constant fighting, courage in pursuing equality, all these characters add many gorgeous colors to her life later.But in the end, she almost miss the true love because of her inferiority.Jane didn't re-face the love until she reached the so-called equality and released her inferiority.Jane is not a perfect goddess.Even though she's imperfect, Jane Eyre shows our readers a vivid picture, from which the readers form different(images about)Jane Eyre in their minds.Keywords: Unique character
Equality
Perfect
Inferiority
目 录
第一章 时代背景和生平-（1）
第二章 全书摘要-----------（1）
第三章 简爱性格形成的原因及多重性------------------------（2）
一、简爱性格形成的原因---（2）
二、反抗性格进一步发展---（2）
三、简爱的善良与自卑-----（3）
四、简爱的自卑心的平衡---（3）
结束语----------------------------（4）
参考文献-------------------------（5）
致谢（6）
时代背景和生平
《简爱》是英国批判现实主义女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特（1816—1855）的成名作，创作于1847年，被誉为英国文学史上第一部女权主义小说。小说的取胜之处在于刻画了一个个性非常独特的女性形象——简爱。贫穷的家庭女教师简爱是一个男权社会里的知识女性，追求真爱。她身上体现出来的不平凡的气质和丰富的个人情感征服了千千万万个读者的心。也正是因为这一点，《简爱》突破了英国小说史上一般作品的内容，使简爱成为英国文学史上最辉煌的女性形象之一。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特出生于一个清贫的牧师家庭，幼年丧母。在她8岁时，她和她的姐妹们被送往一所专为牧师子女而开办的慈善学校住读，学校里极差的条件，粗劣的食物，加重了她两个姐姐的病情，这两个孩子被送往家中后不久即病逝。此后，夏洛蒂和她的妹妹艾米丽就以做家庭教师谋生。小说的女主人公简爱的人生道路也与颇为相似。
第二章 全书概要
《简爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特根据自身经历而写的一部小说，也是她的成名作。小说塑造的是一位坚强独立的女性，她追求真爱，平等，是女性的楷模。简爱是个孤儿，从小受尽凌辱，但从不为生活所屈服，她有着坚强的人格和尊严。在幼时恶劣的生存环境中，她学会了如何生存。也正是她的成长经历，造就了她独立的人格、进取的精神和美好的理想。简爱是一位与众不同的小说人物，她只能靠自己生活，敢于表 达自己的思想。在世俗的压力下，她凭借努力工作，聪明智慧和倔强的个性，始终保持着自己的尊严。在她的生活道路上，从来不屈服。虽然她身材矮小，但是灵魂高大。简爱勇于追求真爱并对所爱的人忠贞不渝。她的善良、聪明、独立深深地吸引着男主人公，最终获得一份完美的爱情。
第三章 简爱性格形成的原因以及多重性
一、简爱性格形成的原因
简爱幼年因为父母去世得早，可怜的她从小就被收养在富裕的舅舅家里，过着寄人篱下的生活。不久舅舅的去世使简爱的境遇更是雪上加霜，舅妈冷酷、无情、自私，把简爱当作佣人一样对待，而对自己的三个孩子却是百般溺爱、骄纵。为了最终能被舅妈接受，她百般讨好，尽力忍受冷眼和刁难，但是舅妈还是将她视为眼中钉，肉中刺，处处刁难。不仅如此，骄横残暴的表兄约翰·里德把表妹简爱当作丫头一样的进行殴打，简爱不畏强暴，奋起反抗，怒斥这个迫害她的小魔王： “Wicked and cruel boy!” I said.“You are like a murderer”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022, 1 第十二页)接着便和他发疯似的扭打起来。虽然这次反抗遭到了代价,她被无情的舅妈关进了可怕的红房子，就连家中的仆人也丝毫没有给予简爱一点点同情和关怀，所有这些被她深深地埋在幼小的心灵深处。当她的舅母在布鲁赫尔斯先生面前说她是个撒谎又讨厌的女孩子时，简爱觉得自己的人格正在遭受无情的践踏，心中的屈辱与愤怒化为有力的反抗：“You think I have no feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness;but I cannot live so , and you have no pity.People think you a good woman, but you are bad, and you are deceitful!”(Charlotte Bronte 2022 , 2 第三十页)。这次的胜利使简爱幼小的心灵又一次受到伤害，她感到，自己一定顽强的生存下去，去取得和别人一样的公平待遇，唯一的出路就是反抗。
二、反抗性格进一步发展
而这种反抗性格在劳沃德学校得到进一步发展。在这所标榜惩罚肉体以拯救灵魂的人间地狱般的“慈善”学校里，她亲眼目睹的亲身体验到了种种非人的待遇。校长布洛克赫斯特是一个不折不扣的冷酷无情的伪君子，像对待奴隶一样的对待学校里师生。每天背着枯燥的经文，难以下咽的食物，经常以“莫须有”的罪名而随时遭受到惩罚、凌辱、甚至挨打。但是简爱并没有因此而沉沦下去，反而激起她更多的正义、善良和勇敢。在学校里坦波尔小姐的关心和与海伦的友情使简爱在学校里安稳的度过了几年时光，随着海伦的逝世，坦波尔小姐的离去又带走了她的友谊和希望。简爱越发感到心灵的饥渴，精神无所寄托，于是她离开了学校，来到罗切斯特先生拥有的桑菲尔德庄园作一名家庭教师。
三、简爱的善良与自卑
虽然简爱出身卑微，其貌不扬，却有着丰富的内心世界和鲜明的个性：自尊、自爱、自强，富有反抗精神，敢于追求平等。这些不凡的品质不仅赢得了罗切斯特先生的欣赏，还使得同样遭遇、不幸沦为资产阶级家族利益的牺牲品和受害者的他产生一种惺惺相惜的感觉。他们的相爱在当时等级森严的资产阶级门第观念下是不小的挑战和反抗。此时简爱的不卑不亢，敢于同不平等待遇的反抗达到了顶峰。
但是当她知道罗切斯特先生疯疯癫癫的妻子还尚在人世，她并没有和同样是受害者的罗切斯特先生一起奋起反抗，而是对于传统婚姻做了妥协让步。对简爱来说，这个疯女人拥有作为妻子的合法地位。在她面前，简爱只能退缩，没有机会为爱的权利而奋斗。那么，让我们来看一下伯莎是怎样一个合法的妻子。正如罗切斯特所描述的：“Very soon, my wife’s character began to change.She suddenly developed a terrible drinking habit and a cruel temper.I also learned that her intelligence was quite inferior.Her behavior became entirely unmanageable and unpredictable.I was then filled with horror and sadness at the discovery of my situation.I tried to devour my repentance and disgust in secret.I repressed the deep hatred I felt.I lived with that woman four years, and within that time she tried me indeed.”(Charlotte Bronte 2022, 2 第二百二十四页)。但是简爱失去了对勇敢的反叛意识，放弃了对爱人的承诺，将罗切斯特又推向了痛苦的深渊。这次她扮演了一个逃兵的角色并放弃了她的宣言。面对婚姻的考卷，简爱向命运投降了，毁掉了一对恋人的爱情。不得不说简爱在这里有些狭隘，自私和无情。简爱显示了自己作为一个叛逆的形象才能后，又变成了一个守法的从不大胆越界的公民，一个为了传统婚姻观的维护者。
四、简爱的自卑心的平衡
之后的她来到圣约翰家里生活了几年，虽然她在之后拒绝了圣约翰没有爱情的求婚，自食其力，将得到的遗产与表兄妹分享。但是在简爱的心中，所有对爱和幸福的渴望只是在上帝的恩赐、美丽和财富中，她没有看到内在的崇高的精神。简爱在小说最后的回归，起决定作用的不是所谓的呼唤，实际是她继承了遗产并摆脱了自卑情结和获得了心理安慰，这使她有足够的勇气来面对富有的爱人。但庄园变成了废墟，她关心的罗切斯特变瞎和残疾了，但她的心里充满了不可抑制的喜悦。因为在她心中有了一个施舍品。这种微妙的心理活动是她自卑的结果，意味着简爱的自卑感最终得到了释放。她不用为她的不美的外表而隐藏在阴影中，她不用为钱而试图舍弃某物，她伺候罗切斯特时,带着难以抑制的幸福和优越的情怀。所以在小说的结尾，我看到的不是简爱在一个大团圆的结局中幸福的生活着，而是一个拥有复杂性格的女性，一个有自己独特个性的英国女孩。由于自卑，自尊成为一个有力的驱动器，它使简爱成为一个文雅而迷人的女子，在这个意义上，正是最重要的自卑培育出了骄傲的简爱。
结束语
纵观小说，夏洛特·勃朗特以一部《简爱》揭开了女性文学的新篇，成功塑造了一位生而不幸却又敢于与命运抗争的极富有个性的“女英雄”式的人物。随着时间的流逝，简爱不屈不挠的精神早已深入人心，而现在社会上女性柔韧坚强，敢爱敢恨的性格不就是简爱精神的延续吗？虽然现在我们已把简爱当作一个令人崇拜的女性形象，但我们不会盲目的崇拜追随，我们会以新的方式来判断我们的偶像。简爱在我心中就像一朵雨后玫瑰，虽然花容在风吹雨打下有些残败，但是芳香却丝毫不少。
总而言之，每个读者的心中都有一个的简爱，这样就有了千千万万个不同的简爱。正因为《简爱》既具有时代的局限性，又富有独特的文学魅力，所以她是永恒的，而永恒又为我们提供了无尽的主题。
参考文献
（1）Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre 【M】 航空工业出版社
2022年2月第一版
（2）丁立福 “浅析简爱反抗性格之形成”【J】 淮南师范学院学报，2022年第三期：79-81
（3）许菁 “浅析简爱的双重性格”【M】 上海
上海译文出版社
2022年
（4）黄兴军 “简爱的永恒魅力”【J】 牡丹江大学学报 2022年4月第十八期
（5）
杨正和 外国文学名作欣赏 【M】 北京 科学出版社 1999年
致谢
这次毕业论文的撰写工作历时一个月之久，反复修改多次。在此期间论文指导老师郑纹老师一直坚持在繁忙的工作之余耐心辅导我，让我很受鼓舞。从论文选题到论文结构的布局，从论文取材到论文的正式撰写，都离不开郑纹老师的谆谆教导。在此由衷感谢郑纹老师给予我的教导和帮助，让我可以顺利完成大学生活中的最后一篇作业。当然还要感谢我的同班同学，他们也一直站在我的身旁默默的为我加油，给我力量和依靠。同样要感谢那些在我写作过程中帮助过我的人，谢谢！
第二篇：幼儿性格的形成及影响因素
幼儿性格的形成及影响因素
摘要：性格是一个人对现实的稳固的态度以及为之相适应的惯常的行为方式的独特结合，是表现在对现实的态度和行为方式中的个性心理特点，是个人个性最重要的一方面，在个性发展中起着核心作用。能够表明一个人的本质的典型的特点。幼儿的性格大致与亲人，特别是父母的很相似，虽然在幼儿阶段表现得不明显，这些都是遗传的因素所引起的，但更主要的是环境和教育影响的结果，是对环境和教育影响的反映，一个人的性格的形成和发展过程实际上也是他不断反映生活环境和教育环境影响的过程。
关键词：性格
遗传因素
环境
自我意识
日常生活中我们会发现有的人勇敢，有的人胆小懦弱，有的人勤奋，有的人懒惰，有的人诚恳，有的人奸诈，这些都是人的性格差异所致，性格是一个人对现实的稳固的态度以及为之相适应的惯常的行为方式的独特结合，是表现在对现实的态度和行为方式中的个性心理特点，是个人个性最重要的一方面，在个性发展中起着核心作用。在现实生活中，客观事物的各种影响会通过认知，情感和定向活动在人脑中保持下来形成某种态度体系，性格它不仅仅是指一个人对现实的稳定态度，而且还指与这种态度相适应了的行为方式，当个体在长期的生活实践中逐渐形成对现实的稳定态度，并以一定的方式表现与个体行为之中构成了个体所特有的行为方式时，其性格特征就行形成了。
著名教育家乌申那斯基说：“一个人即使活到80岁也能看到他5岁时的样子”幼儿时期是一个人性格形成的关键时期，良好的性格培养对幼儿来说尤为重要，心理学上认为一个人的性格主要有内向和外向两种类型，性格的形成与气质之间具有一定的联系，气质对性格的影响如下：
(1)胆汁质：胆汁质的孩子直率热情，精力旺盛，性情较为急躁，易于冲动，思维敏捷反应迅速，但是在某些方面的准确性较差，情绪强烈外露的的时间不长。因此，胆汁质的孩子其性格类型一般趋于外向型。
(2)多血质：多血质的孩子给人一种亲切主动的感觉，活泼好动，性格属于外向型。但是这类孩子也具有其气质的消极的方面，如在某些行为方面表现出轻率。行动上易冲动等。
(3)黏液质：相对于胆汁质和多血质的孩子来说黏液质的孩子恬静，沉
着稳重，其性格类型多属于外向型的孩子，这类孩子所表现出反应迟钝的不好一面。
(4)抑郁质：抑郁质的孩子，感情深刻而稳定，但在性格方面比较内向，有孤僻感，郁闷，羞怯。
每一种气质都可能向积极或消极的方面发展，气质的类型只是对孩子的性格形成产生一定的影响而不能完全决定孩子的性格类型，决定孩子成就的高低，孩子出生后具有其自身气质特征，但是具有典型气质特征的孩子是没有的，大多数的孩子已基本上属于其的某种气质为主，同时又兼备其他气质特点，虽然说气质具有稳定性，但在后天的教育影响下是可以改变的。性格也是如此。一个人的性格从小时候就开始形成，更多时候受到了社会生活条件的影响和制约。幼儿阶段的孩子正处于性格模糊的时期，是为孩子以后的性格打基础的时期。在此阶段，影响孩子性格形成的因素主要有以下几个方面：
遗传因素
遗传因素是性格形成的自然基础，具体表现为以下四个方面：
一、人的身高、体型来自于遗传，这些体型特征会因为社会文化和自我意识的作用影响到孩子的自尊心、自信心，从而对孩子的性格形成产生一定的影响。比如一个瘦而且高的孩子和一个矮胖的孩子相比之下，高瘦的孩子明显比矮胖的孩子更有自信，互相的比较之下矮胖的孩子在长期的影响下会形成自卑的心理，有可能就形成内向的性格。
二、性别对孩子的性格也有一定的影响。男孩子的性格具有独立性自主性，有较强的竞争意识，敢于冒险，女孩子大多则依赖性较强，在做事方面比男孩子细心、谨慎。
三、一些精神系统的遗传特征也会影响特定性格的形成，这种影响表现为或起加速或起延缓作用。
四、生理成熟的早晚对孩子的性格也有一定的影响而生理成熟的早晚跟遗传是有关的。家庭环境
家庭是“制造人的性格的工厂”，父母把基因传给后代，家庭是孩子最早接触的社会环境，心理研究表明，出生到五岁是孩子性格形成的最主要阶段，在这 2
个阶段，儿童在家里生活的时间最长，受到父母的爱抚、保护、教育的影响最多。因此，整个家庭环境对孩子性格的形成起着极为重要的作用。家庭各方面的因素中，家庭氛围，家庭经济收入水平，家长的受教育程度和父母的教养态度，家长的榜样作用，家长的性格，孩子在家中的地位都对孩子的性格有深刻的影响。
家庭氛围：家庭氛围的好坏直接影响孩子性格的形成，家庭成员之间的和睦相处，宁静和睦的家庭关系所营造出来的家庭气氛对孩子的性格形成有着积极的作用，家庭成员中关系紧张，相互猜疑、争吵，会对孩子性格的形成有消极的影响。特别是父母关系对孩子性格的形成影响最大。有关研究表明，如果夫妻关系融洽，孩子在家中感到愉快有安全感，容易形成开朗乐观活泼的性格特征，如果夫妻关系对立，不和谐，孩子在家里缺乏安全感，情绪不稳定，容易形成紧张焦虑和不安的性格特征。在宁静愉快的家庭氛围中成长的孩子与在家庭氛围紧张与冲突不断的家庭里成长的孩子性格差异很大。一个生长在和谐愉快的家庭氛围中的孩子，性格上多表现为乐于与人交往，活泼积极主动的外向型，在不和谐的家庭里成长的孩子大多比较内向，自卑不愿与人交往或人际关系较差。
心理学上认为父母家庭破裂对孩子的性格的发展带来不利的影响。父母离异比父母一方或双方死亡对孩子的性格影响更大，孩子由于父母离异或死亡而得不到家庭的温暖和正常的教育容易形成悲观孤僻的不良性格特征，这类孩子产生的行为问题也比较多。有研究表明少年犯罪率最高的是出生1——4岁之间丧父或丧母的孩子，其犯罪率比一般人要高出两倍以上，从年龄上看，婴幼儿期间，丧母对幼儿个性特征的影响最大，儿童期间则是丧父对孩子性格的影响最大。但也有研究表明，如果有良好的教育。破裂家庭或丧失父母的孩子仍然可以形成坚强、合作甚至是开朗等良好的性格特征。
教育观念和教养方式：家长的受教育程度不同，文化程度不同，教育观念的不同对孩子的性格形成的而影响也是很大的。父母的文化程度对孩子的自制力，灵活性，思维水平，意志力等都有影响，家长对孩子成才的价值观，对孩子的发展规划与孩子之间的关系都大大影响孩子的个性的形成与发展。在家庭中，父母和子女的关系最为亲切，也是子女最重要的教育者。苏联教育家鲁普斯卡娅指出“母亲是天然的教师，她对儿童的影响是最大的”，研究表明，母爱在5岁前儿童的性格形成中起重要作用，是儿童性格发展的必要条件，缺乏母爱的儿童往往 3
形成孤僻，不合群，任性等情绪反应。父爱在儿童心理发展，特别是在性别角色形成和发展过程中不可或缺。父亲给孩子提供榜样的作用，为女孩子提供与异性交往的样例。幼年时期没有与父亲接触过的孩子，在性别的社会化方面存在不完全，由此可见，父母对子女教养态度，在儿童良好性格的形成和发展过程中起着不可忽视的作用。父母的教养态度和教养方式对孩子性格形成的影响如下: 父母对孩子的教养方式属于支配型的，就简单的打个比方，孩子可以从父母的手中接过钱去买一只笔的，但是父母采取的并不是给钱给孩子让他们自己把事情办好，还是说妈妈会给你买好。再比如孩子上幼儿园收拾书包这件小事，有的父母会有意识的选择让孩子独立完成这个过程，即使孩子在途中会失败很多次，即使孩子收拾的不好，但是父母所采取的措施是正确的，他们意识到从小就应该培养孩子的独立性，然他们养成自己的事自己干，为孩子以后的生活作了长久的计划。孩子在生活上许多事都有父母支配，性格上往往具有一种依赖，缺乏自己的独立性和自主性，对于别人的安排他们多数采用的是服从态度，在面对挫折或失败的情形喜爱容易产生消极情绪。
父母对子女的教养方式属于溺爱型的。在这种教养模式下生活的孩子多数任性骄傲，由于从小集家庭的宠爱于一身，做错事的时候家长也包庇纵容，很多东西都不愿与别人分享，这类孩子利己主义比较强，可能在将来的生活中有点关于利益方面的事情首先考虑到得是自己，由于这类孩子在生活中父母对他百依百顺，在将来的工作或生活中不愿对他人意见的听取，一意孤行，也不愿把自己的东西分享给他人，这类孩子就会缺乏与人分享合作。
过于严厉型管教方式下成长的孩子，从小被家人严加看管，不小心犯下的错误就会遭到父母或家人严厉的惩罚，小的时候他会按照父母的意愿生活，稍微大点后可能会养成叛逆的心理，性格顽固，内心冷酷，相对来说会比较独立。也有可能受到家庭氛围和家长在教育其过程中的一些影响，残忍是家教严厉型孩子的一个特点。在严厉家教下教养的孩子性格也有朝着反面的方向发展的，如家长的长期压制导致孩子自信心的缺乏，会出现一种盲目从众的心理，有的则生性懦弱缺乏自主独立性。
父母对孩子的成长过程过于保护，容易让孩子养成胆小怕事，内向沉默，遇事被动。在日常生活中过度依赖他人，缺乏社会性等性格特征。
家庭民主教养方式下，在一些孩子能独立做主的小事父母把权力让给孩子，从小培养他们养成独立自主的还习惯，教育孩子学会与人分享合作。因此，民主教养方式家庭中的孩子独立性较强，对人对事的态度诚恳，活泼天真，比较容易与人相处，社交能力强，有毅力和创造精神。
还有一种是被忽视型的孩子，父母对孩子的态度采取不闻不问，与孩子之间缺乏交往和沟通，会导致孩子养成孤僻、内向的性格特点。此外，在这样的家庭环境下的孩子往往会羡慕别人有父母和家人的关爱，容易产生嫉妒轻生厌世心理，性格内向。
最后一种是父母意见分歧较大，家庭关系紧张或者出现家庭暴力的环境下生长的孩子。在这种环境下成长的孩子看着父母争论他不知道如何是好？长期以往，孩子会学得当着爸爸说一种话当着妈妈又说一种话。有时会迎合父母双方法的意愿说一些好听的话，有的会养成两面讨好，好撒谎，投机取巧，对事对人警惕性高等性格特点。
教育环境
幼儿接触的第二社会便是学校，幼儿园老师对孩子的影响是显而易见的，老师的性格，对孩子的态度，与孩子间的关系等都对幼儿性格的形成存在着影响，老师的性格是悲观还是乐观，兴趣爱好是狭窄还是广泛都会对孩子带来积极或消极的作用，而教师对幼儿的态度和行为会影响幼儿对外界的感知，从而影响幼儿性格的形成。
外界因素
电视上播的图画，妈妈讲的故事，周围同伴的行为等等因素都会影响孩子性格形成和行为习惯。例如，孩子经常观看一些打斗或者恐怖的画面通常会变得有攻击性或者因为内心的恐惧而变得孤僻胆小。如果这些行为不能及时得到纠正，孩子会形成攻击、暴躁、胆小懦弱的性格特点。因此，家长们再跟孩子选一些电视节目或者图画的时候尽量避免那些暴力血腥的画面，在成人环境里，让孩子学习有益于身心发展的东西，养成良好的性格特点和行为习惯。
自我教育
孩子在成长过程中，自我的意识明显决定着性格的形成，婴幼儿时期开始，孩子的自我内省能力就得到发展，家长要鼓励孩子的自我意识发展，加强孩子自 5
身性格的锻炼，如家长可以鼓励孩子多与别人交往沟通克服孩子怕生害羞的特点，可以陪孩子一起万一些孩子心理能承受的刺激冒险游戏，锻炼孩子胆小的行为，能让孩子自己做主的事父母应该把决定权教给孩子，锻炼他们的自主独立性。
在现在一个开放型，文化多元化，各类新闻公共媒体传播信息量大，范围广，内容多的现代化社会里，孩子的性格受到如此多的因素的影响，作为父母或作为老师，该怎样教育孩子让他们从小就养成良好的性格特点呢？
做为家长，第一、必须为孩子提供一个和谐愉快的家庭环境，采取符合孩子身心发展的教育手段和教育方式，家长在爱孩子的同时应向孩子提适当的要求，孩子有能力独自完成的事让孩子自己做主，避免过于溺爱而毁了孩子的一生。如在日常生活中对孩子提出的无理要求假如长辈对幼儿过分的溺爱和迁就，孩子要什么就有什么，等孩子长大后就会养成对物质方面的要求过高，当对自己的物质要求没有得到满足而又缺乏道德行为来规范和约束自己，孩子可能会走上犯罪道路而毁了孩子的幸福。所以长辈们在教育孩子的时候，该宠爱就宠爱该批评则批评。第二、家长要避免在家中以孩子为中心，杜绝幼儿不良行为的养成。此外，家长必须从日常的小事着手，培养孩子良好的语言和行为品行，给孩子挑选有益孩子发展的玩伴，多与孩子与同伴交往，教育孩子把玩具借给伙伴，对伙伴谦让有爱，让孩子从小学会传播爱，学会与他人分享。第三、要尊重孩子，培养孩子的自信心。这点不仅仅是做父母的应该做到的，作为一个老师也应该尊重孩子，即使孩子没有多大的能力别把事情做到完美，我们也应该发现孩子的优点，让他们试着走向成功，并且给与爱和鼓励，尽量发挥孩子内心的潜力培养孩子的自信心。特别是在孩子犯错误的时候不能一味的只是打骂孩子，用言语来刺激他们，不要完全否认孩子的行为，要在爱中教育孩子，发现孩子，尊重孩子。
作为老师。应该配合家长对孩子进行教育，做到家园共育。教师根据孩子日常在学校的表现及时向家长反映孩子的情况，家长在孩子的教育问题上也要配合老师，共同培养幼儿良好的性格。教师要培养孩子的集体感，让幼儿学会与人分享，善于发现孩子身上的闪光点，善于捕捉教育机会，不失时机的对孩子进行鼓励。这些对幼儿积极受教育，培养其良好性格有积极作用。
参考文献：列维托夫————《性格心理学》
简．斯特里劳————《气质心理学》
朱智贤 林崇德————《儿童心理学史》
安龙琴
09学前教育（本）（63714）
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第三篇：影响性格形成的因素1
影响性格形成的因素
影响性格形成的因素是多方面的，一般认为，性格的形成与发展受客观因素和主观因素的影响。客观因素包括生物因素（遗传和生理成熟）和环境因素，主观因素指儿童心理本身内部的因素。
（一）遗传的作用
人的神经系统类型在性格形成中有一定的作用，人的气质影响着性格特征就的外部表现。神经系统的某些遗传特性可能影响到某些性格的形成，加速或延缓某些行为方式的产生和发展。遗传对性格的形成有某些影响，但它不起主要作用。
（二）家庭的影响
父母的文化程度、教养方式、生活习惯等对儿童性格的影响是不可磨灭的。
（三）学校教育的作用
学校教育和教学对儿童性格的形成起主导作用。学校教育的方针、内容、方法，教师的榜样、态度，学校的校风、班风、传统、规章制度、师生关系、团队生活、课外活动等，都影响着学生性格的形成。
（四）社会环境的影响
社会环境的影响是复杂的，对儿童性格形成的影响主要是通过文化媒介传播进行的。
（五）社会实践活动的作用
儿童个体的社会实践活动是环境影响性格形成的中介桥梁。家庭、学校教育、社会环境因素等都是性格形成的外部条件，虽然它们对于性格的形成和发展起着巨大的影响作用，但却不能直接形成人的性格。
在儿童的成长过程中，自我意识明显地影响着性格的形成。儿童的自我意识是与性格同步发展的。人与环境的相互作用，即人的社会实践活动对性格的形成起决定作用。
因此，教育者要鼓励和指导孩子自我意识的发展，帮助他们在社会实践中正确地分析自己性格的优劣和不足，加强自身的性格锻炼和修养，使其沿着社会所需要的方向发展。
第四篇：谈家庭教育对儿童性格形成的影响
摘要: 在实施计划生育后,我国大多都是独生子女家庭。养育者不一定具备正确的教育理念,难免对幼儿有所溺爱和骄纵,最直接的后果就是幼儿表现出许多不良的行为习惯。在家庭这个小环境中,家长忽视了培养幼儿良好的行为习惯,而孩子一旦进入幼儿园这个社会环境后,所暴露出来的不良行为习惯就会引起小朋友间、家长与教师间或家长之间的矛盾。父母是孩子的第一任老师,一个人自呱呱坠地到会说会跑,无不与父母息息相关。幼儿时期, 孩子连父母的说话、走路姿势都在模仿,当孩子长大一些,则受父母的思想、行为、处世方法、人生观、价值观等方面的影响。许多家长为了孩子,可以说是呕心沥血,煞费苦心,但由于缺乏正确的育人观,往往得不到预想的效果。因此,父母的思想、作风,平日的行为习惯、待人接物的态度以及对子女的教育方式等,都会在孩子身上留下深刻的印痕。家庭教育对一个人的性格形成和发展具有重要和深远的影响。
关键词:独生子女 家庭教育 儿童性格 性格形成
家庭教育方式直接影响孩子的性格行为,特别对于幼儿来说,0~6岁是一个人性格行为形成发展的重要阶段,如果在这个阶段,儿童身心需要都得到满足和受到父母良好的教养,儿童就会成为人格健全的人,否则,儿童可能会出现行为障碍、人格缺陷等问题。0~6岁时期,家庭是幼儿主要的生活环境,父母是幼儿接触最多的人,所以家庭教育方式在幼儿行为问题发生中起着最直接和最重要的作用。现实生活中有些家庭的教育方式往往让人不太满意。因此,通过探讨家庭教育方式对幼儿性格行为的影响,使我们对这一问题有一个清醒、全面的认识,对于防止幼儿行为问题,形成幼儿健康人格有着重大的意义。
一、家庭教育的界定(一)家庭教育的含义
“家庭教育是指在家庭生活中,家长有目的有计划的对其子女实施的教育和影响。”[1]家长根据自己的期望对孩子实施的一种通过多种方式,包括家庭环境、心理氛围、长辈语言等行为去影响孩子,孩子根据自己的表现反作用于家长的双向的互动过程。家庭教育比较完整的涵义是它不是单独的讲家长对孩子有什么要求,它是一种双向互动的过程,它是有计划,有目的的,是文化、心理、语言、环境等综合因素对孩子施加影响的过程。在整个教育过程中,家庭教育既是学校教育的助手,又是社会教育的一个方面。家庭教育在整个教育中的地位和作用是相当重要的。提高家庭教育的质量,是促进儿童身心健康和发展的重要因素,也是消除和减少社会问题的一个战略措施。(二)家庭教育的特点
1、启蒙性。我们的孩子对外部世界的认识和了解,人格、品格的形成的起点是从家庭教育开始的。家庭教育和社会教育及学校教育是有区别的,孩子在没有上学之前,是以在家庭中生活为主的。早期的家庭教育对一个人的思想形成、智力发展、品格形成至关重要。比如说小孩爱发脾气,如果开始引导好,他就变得比较平和,就会变成他稳定的人格个性,如果启发引导得不好,他就变得脾气暴躁,逐渐形成了爱发脾气的性格。
2、长期性。家庭教育的时间最长,远远超过学校教育。家庭教育伴随着孩子从出生到上大学、参加工作,一直在起作用。一个孩子在走向成人、走向社会的过程中和家庭的距离在拉大,但是家庭教育的影响仍然存在,家庭教育从某种意义上来说,所起到的作用要比学校教育还要深远。
3、全面性。家庭教育涉及到的内容极其广泛。学校要管的,家长要管,学校不管的,家长也要管,孩子的衣、食、住、行、安全、能力、爱好、审美等都离不开家庭对他的教育,所以家庭教育的覆盖面很宽。正是因为家庭教育具有这些特点,对一个人的影响非常重大,所以家庭教育就显得更为重要。
二、父母的教养方式
父母教养方式指的是父母对待孩子比较稳定的教养观念和已经习惯的教育行为。它是指父母在抚养子女的日常活动中表现出来的一种行为倾向[2] ,是对父母各种教养行为的特征概括,具有相对的稳定性。家庭和睦美满对幼儿形成健全的性格有种特殊的作用,幼儿生活在一个和睦的家庭中,他会感到一种安宁,更有利于健康性格的成长,然而,由于各种原因,有些父母会离异,这样就会形成单亲家庭,不同性格的父母对待幼儿的情感态度不同,对幼儿的控制程度也不同。美国心理学家鲍姆令特从父母的反应性关爱和要求控制两个维度,把教养方式分为民主型、专制型、溺爱型和忽视型。
民主型:这类家庭教养方式的家长会给孩子一定自主权利,满足孩子合理要求,正确对待孩子犯错,家庭成员间互相尊重、平等交流,对子女既有约束,又有鼓励。这种民主型教养方式下的孩子,自尊、自信、自律性强,具有创造性,社交能力强,具有成就动机等良好社会适应性的个性特征。
权威型:权威型的父母要求孩子无条件地服从自己。无视孩子合理要求,不能容忍孩子犯错,过于苛求孩子把事做好,经常惩罚斥责孩子。这种教养方式以家长说了算,父母和孩子是不平等的。在这种教养方式下长大的孩子,会比较多的表现出焦虑、退缩等负面情绪和行为,他们在学校中却有较好的表现。
溺爱型:溺爱型的父母对孩子表现出很多的爱与期待,但是很少对孩子提要求和对其行为进行控制。这类家庭教养方式的家长经常娇惯放纵孩子,迁就孩子任何要求,迁就孩子的错,一切为孩子代劳,在孩子心目中没有威信。在这种教养方式下长大的孩子,容易表现得很不成熟且自我控制能力差。一旦他们的要求不能被满足,往往会表现出哭闹等行为。对于父母,他们表现出很强的依赖性,往往缺乏恒心和毅力。
忽视型:这类家庭教养方式的家长不干预孩子做任何事,不把孩子要求放在心上,不了解孩子的优缺点,孩子的事自己定,不过问或者很少过问孩子的学习。在这种教养方式下长大的孩子,很容易出现适应障碍,他们的适应能力和自我控制能力往往较差。
三、教育方式对幼儿性格形成的影响(一)民主型教养方式对幼儿性格的影响
人的交往需要沟通和交流,沟通是联结父母与子女之间的情感纽带。民主权威型的父母就牢牢地抓住了这一点,他们不管自己工作有多忙多辛苦,每天都会抽出一定的时间陪孩子,陪他们玩游戏,听他们讲各种有趣地事情,给他们说故事,和孩子成为朋友,让幼儿与家长之间不再有隔阂,彼此的心灵靠得更近。幼儿与父母有了良好的交流与沟通,就会变得开朗、外向,愿意自我表现并会对自我进行肯定。幼儿的发展有其自身的发展特点,是一个循序渐进地过程,不能操之过急,一个经过努力就能达成的目标,会使幼儿的自信心大增,变得乐观、积极向上(二)权威型教养方式对幼儿性格的影响
在权威型家庭中充满着严肃的命令、规范和要求,父母对幼儿的行为有着绝对的控制,他们不能随意做自己喜欢的事,只能听从父母的安排,久而久之,幼儿就会习惯性地、盲目地按父母的指令做事,逐渐失去自我和丧失自信,遇事后只能习惯性地等待着父母替自己解决,而不会主动去处理问题,最后只能成为父母个人意愿的“执行者”和思想的“代言人”。
权威型的家长往往按照自己的主观意愿行事,很少或根本不会从幼儿的发展特点出发。他们总是一厢情愿地让幼儿学这学那,在孩子身上投注了极大地期待和希望,希望自己的孩子能成为“人中龙凤”,但是,每个孩子都是一个不同的个体,都有其自身发展的特点,于是当孩子没有能达成父母的这些希望时,他们就会恨铁不成钢,对孩子大声责骂,甚至是奉行棍棒教育。久而久之,孩子在父母面前会越来越“乖”,而在外面则会变得越来越霸道,欺软怕硬,他们相信暴力才能解决问题。
(三)溺爱型教养方式对幼儿性格的影响
当今的幼儿,不可否认他们是聪明的、机智的,对外界事物有着很强的接受力和适应力,但在看智力的同时再来看他们的生活能力,却是如此的不堪。在生活中经常会看到5、6岁的孩子还需要父母在后面追着喂饭,幼儿园大班的孩子不会自己系鞋带,曾经有一个幼儿点心吃橘子的时候他竟然连皮一起咬,问他为什么,他说:“我不会剥,不知道怎么剥,在家都是妈妈剥好喂我吃的。”想一想,这就是我们社会未来的主人,这样的主人如何能肩负起社会的重责? 幼儿具有很强的好奇心,对任何事都有兴趣,都想弄个究竟,而当孩子想去尝试和探索的时候,往往就会遭到娇惯溺爱型家长的阻拦。老师组织小朋友用粉笔在地上画画,所有的小朋友都画地很高兴,只有欣欣小朋友站在那里一动也不动,粉笔丢在一边,老师问他:“为什么不画啊?”他说:“妈妈说粉笔很脏,不能玩。”老师突然发现欣欣这样的现象还有很多,他不会搭积木,不会小兔跳跳,不善于想象,欣欣说:“妈妈都不让我这么做。”父母的一句不允许,阻挡了幼儿尝试与探索的道路,湮灭了幼儿的无尽得想象,也阻碍了幼儿想象力和创造力的发展。(四)忽视型教养方式对幼儿性格的影响
现在的生活节奏在不断地加快,社会竞争压力在不断增加,这就迫使许多年轻父母要将大部分的时间和精力花费在自己的工作上,于是对于幼儿的关心就少了,有的父母认为只要满足幼儿的物质要求就可以了,其他的方面都可以忽略不计。可是他们是否知道,幼小的孩子并没有很强的名牌意识,他们觉得有的吃有的穿就可以了,在物质方面并不会刻意去追求什么,而在情感方面他们却要求的很多,他们需要父母的陪伴,需要父母和他们一起玩,一起说话,需要得到父母的关心和爱,这是任何物质所无法取代的。文文小朋友父母常年在外做生意,于是便将他托付给奶奶抚养,虽然经常看到文文穿得比其他小朋友好,也经常带高档的玩具来幼儿园,但却很少看到他笑,也不愿意和小朋友一起玩,常常一个人躲在角落里。文文奶奶说:“文文的父母常年在外地工作,一年也难得回来几次,虽然他们常常给文文寄回来漂亮的衣服和高档的玩具,但文文却一点也不开心,只有在爸爸妈妈回家的那几天才能看见文文发自内心的开心和喜悦。” 像文文这样的孩子由于得不到亲情地关爱,往往生活在自己的世界中,不关心他人,交不到朋友,变得不和群和孤僻。
四、家庭结构的完整性
随着家庭、社会结构的多元,家庭可能因为各种因素而造成单亲,如离婚、配偶死亡、配偶工作居住两地、甚至未婚先孕等。对于尚未成年的孩子来说,家庭是安全的代名词,是快乐之源,是健康人格的发展之端[3]。而当父母双方离异或夫妻双方只剩一方时,对孩子来说,就意味失去了一方的庇护,在心理上必将承受巨大的痛苦,甚至对生活也失去勇气,对社会充满敌意。在整个教育过程中,家庭教育既是学校教育的助手,又是社会教育的一个方面。提高家庭教育的质量,是促进儿童身心健康和发展的重要因素,也是消除和减少社会问题的一个战略措施。单亲家庭子女心理健康主要存在着以下一些问题。1.自闭和自卑
家庭的破裂仿佛是“天降横祸”,对年幼的孩子来说,他们缺乏必要的心理准备,因而他们遭受的打击比父母更大,而且孩子比成人敏感、脆弱,他们还不完全具备自我调整心理的能力,一时还难以面对家庭破裂的严酷现实,因而会感到无所适从[4]。孩子也懂得比较,他们会拿自己的现在与过去比,拿自己与健全家庭的孩子比,因而滋生出自卑的心理,做事变得胆怯,缺乏自信,缺乏进取和积极向上的精神,这些孩子由于被父母疏远,不愿与人接触,对周围的人常有戒备、厌烦的心理。他们总怀疑别人会在背后议论自己,不愿外出活动,不愿与人打交道,表现出自卑自闭的特征。2.自我评价偏低
单亲家庭的子女有较为强烈的自卑感,他们感到自己不如别人,自我责备、自我鄙视,将一切的不如意归因于自己不好,对自己所做的事抱有恐惧倾向。由于对自己的评价偏低,因此他们把工作和学习的失败归因于自己的无能,产生不安、内疚、失望等消极情绪,从而导致自己的整个心理失去平衡[5]。久而久之,他们对自己失去了信心,甚至对那些稍加努力就可以完成的任务,也往往因自叹无能而轻易放弃。许多单亲家庭子女受到批评后,总认为是自己不好,总认为是自己做错了什么事。3.焦虑和抑郁
在单亲家庭中成长的孩子易产生恐惧心理或抑郁、焦虑情绪或敌对情绪,对别人的关心表现的极为冷淡,在挫折面前非常脆弱,稍有不顺心就容易冲动,对生活中的小小摩擦反应非常强烈,自我保护意识过强,极易产生极端行为[6]。这种倾向在女孩身上表现为想痛哭或离家出走,在一些男孩身上则表现为攻击行为。如果不处理好,很容易走向极端,无论对同学,还是老师或家人都将产生极大的攻击性和报复心理。4.妒忌和逆反
单亲家庭的孩子,无论在物质上还是精神上,所能获得的享受,往往不容易得到满足,他们的心理就容易从最初的羡慕演变成妒忌、憎恨。在心理上他们会表现出对父母一方特别依恋,希望能从父母一方获得双倍的回报,在物质享受上,如果他们不能正确对待这种差距,就容易导致偷窃等违法犯罪行为的发生[7]。由于单亲家庭中的孩子在“孩子圈”中地位不高,容易成为别的孩子奚落和欺负的对象。然而却异常渴望被他人欣赏,于是在言行上便刻意地表现出与众不同,有时甚至喜欢“顶牛角,对着干”,以显示自身的存在价值。由于家庭破裂,导致家庭教育残缺不全,生活在单亲家庭中的孩子往往缺乏较好的生活教养和学习上的指导。
五、儿童在家庭中的地位与角色
独生子女在家庭中有着特殊的地位,扮演着特殊的角色,家长在教育态度与方式上稍有放纵或不一致就很容易造成子女性格上的不良后果。现在,独生子女的教育问题已引起教育儿童在家庭中所处的地位及扮演的角色,也会影响其性格的形成与发展。如父母对子女不公平时,受偏爱的一方可能有洋洋自得、高傲的表现,受冷落的一方则容易嫉妒、自卑。艾森伯格研究认为,长子或独生子比中间的孩子或最小的孩子具有更多的优越感。孩子在家庭中越受重视,其性格发展越倾向自信、独立、优越感强。如果其地位发生变化,原有的性格特征往往会随之产生不同程度的变化[8]。苏联一位心理学家对同卵双生子的姐妹进行研究,发现姐姐处事果断、主动勇敢,妹妹较为顺从、被动。经了解,在这对双生子出生后,她们的祖母指定一个为姐姐,一个为妹妹。从童年时起,姐姐就担当起保护、照顾妹妹的责任,所以形成了前面所说的性格特征,而妹妹由于被照顾和保护,就形成了依赖、顺从的性格特征。
家庭环境对儿童性格的发展起着非常重要的作用。家长应当根据时代和孩子年龄特点,创造良好的家庭心理环境,培养孩子良好的个性,发展他们的智能。这样的家庭就会始终充满亲切、友爱、平等、欢乐的气氛,孩子就会在轻松、温暖的环境中受到影响和教育,从而健康而活泼地成长。家庭物质条件好,并不等于心理环境好,从某种意义上讲,家庭心理环境对孩子具有更大的影响作用。家庭心理环境是由多种因素构成的[9]。例如,家长的性格、兴趣、才能以及情绪状态等,时刻表现在家庭生活中,影响着家庭心理环境,对孩子起着潜移默化的作用。如果家长有健全的品格,爽朗、乐观、豁达,那么这个家庭就会充满欢乐;如果家长对生活充满热爱,兴趣广泛,勤于学习和钻研,那么这个家庭定会充满学习的气氛;如果家长有音乐、美术方面的才能,那么这个家庭则会充满艺术的气息。无疑,这些对塑造孩子的性格是十分重要的。一个家庭的心理环境如何,还取决于家长的教育能力的高低和对子女的态度。父母若有较强的鉴定、教育能力,那么教育方法就易为子女所接受,发现问题也能及时处理好。反之,父母教育能力低,平时不会管教,那么出问题便会束手无策,不是唉声叹气,就是打骂孩子,这样的家庭气氛肯定会很紧张。每个幼儿都有优点,每个幼儿都希望得到父母的喜欢,任性、淘气的幼儿也不例外。去寻找他们内心隐藏着的美好品质,及时鼓励、表扬,帮助其纠正不良行为。
父母应赋予孩子一个良好的家庭环境,这个良好的家庭环境不只是物质上的,重要的是一个使孩子赖以健康成长的学习、生活环境。家庭是孩子生活和接受教育的第一个“课堂”,父母对孩子的身心健康有不可推卸的责任,家庭影响在人的一生中起着奠基的作用,特别是儿童阶段,孩子思想尚未定型,有很强的可塑性,他们对周围的一切都感兴趣,并善于模仿,这个年龄段的孩子,分辨是非的能力差,家庭和周围环境的各种影响,他们往往都不加取舍地去接受。我们只有意识到孩子所表现的不良行为习惯会对孩子今后的身体、学业、人际关系有多么重要的负面影响,才能明白矫正孩子不良行为的重要性,才能痛下决心采取行动。孩子在成长过程中出现不良行为是正常现象,简单粗暴的打骂不仅无法解决问题反而可能使情况恶化。因此,家庭教育对幼儿性格形成具有重要的影响,性格对幼儿的成长具有非常重要的作用,幼儿时期是一个人性格培养的起始阶段,是良好性格培养和能力开始形成的关键时期,一个人的性格培养形成于幼儿期,因此对幼儿性格培养,应该像智力启蒙一样,应及早的重视孩子的性格起步教育,培养孩子良好的性格是其他一切教育的基础。父母在寻求合适教养方式的时候,一定要以幼儿为前提,为幼儿提供自由发展的机会,与同龄人交流的机会,对幼儿合理施爱,父母要以身作则,为幼儿树立一个好的榜样作用,并将不同的教养方式融合使用,才能让幼儿健康成长和形成优良的性格。
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第五篇：浅析简爱的性格魅力
摘 要
《简·爱》是英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。它的问世，曾经轰动了19世纪的英国文坛，吸引了国内外成千上万的读者。它之所以经典，在于作品成功地塑造了一位为追求平等、尊严以及独立而敢于与生活困境、社会歧视以及男权主义进行斗争的女性形象。小说集中描述了她为谋求妇女经济独立和爱情平等权利而进行的反抗斗争。本文旨在通过简爱不同的成长环境分析其反抗和独立的性格，力求全方位的感受和理解简爱性格的独特魅力。
关键词：性格；独立；反抗；尊严
I
Abstract
Jane Eyre, a novel with a strong autobiographical color which was written by Charlotte Bronte.When it was first published, it shocked the whole English literary world in the 19th century.Furthermore, it attracts and moves thousands of readers at home and abroad.It is a classic work because the author successfully pictures an amazing herione who dares to struggle with poor enviroment, social discrimination and patriarchy in order to pursue equality, dignity, independence and so on.This novel mainly decribes her rebellion for seeking women‟s economic independence and love of equal rights.This paper aims at analyzing Jane Eyre‟s rebellious and independent character through the different enviroments in Jane‟s growing process so as to fully understand the unique charm of Jane‟s character.Key words: character;independence;rebellion;dignity II An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Characters in Jane Eyre
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Binhai School of Foreign Affairs
Tianjin Foreign Studies University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Arts
by Huang yawei May，2022
Contents
Abstract(in Chinese)………………..………………………………………….I Abstract(in English)……………..………………………………………….....II I.Introduction …………………………………….…...………………………..1
1.1 About Charlotte Bronte…………….………………………………………..…….....1
1.2 The social background of Jane Eyre…………………………………..……..…….…2
1.3 The brief introduction of Jane Eyre…………………………………………………..3 II.Literature review...……………………………………………………….......4 III.Jane Eyre at Gateshead………………….......................................................6 3.1 Jane Eyre‟s rebellion………………………………………………...........................6 3.1.1 Under the ill-treatment from John Reed..……………………….…..................6 3.1.2 In the Red Room……...........................................................................................7 3.1.3 In front of Mrs.Reed……………………………..……………….…………….8 3.2 Jane‟s independence at Gateshead…………………………………...…….…...….10 IV.Jane Eyre at Lowood Institution……………………………………..…….11 4.1 Jane‟s rebellion…………………………………………………………..….…….11 4.1.1 Contrast between Helen Burns and Jane · Eyre……………...……….…..…….11
4.1.2 Against Mr.Brocklehurst………………..……………..……………....................12
4.2 Jane‟s independence at Lowood Institution ………………………………...……13 V.Jane Eyre at Thornfield Hall and Moor House………..................................14 5.1 Jane‟s rebellion………………………………………………………..……………14
5.1.1 On human dignity…………...………………...………………………..….…14
5.1.2 On love …………………………….....………………………………...……15
5.2 Jane‟s independence at Thornfield Hall and Moor House…………………………17 VI.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………18 References………………………………………………………………...……20 I.Introduction
1.1 About Charlotte Bronte
Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire England, the third of six children.She was not pretty.She was plain and little, but her name was put in the first page of the history of English literature in the 19th century because of the success of Jane Eyre.In August 1824, Charlotte Bronte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters‟ School at Cowan Bridge.Due to its poor and unhealthy conditions, her two elder sisters died at 11 and 10 years old.Charlotte survived, but her healthy was permanently affected.Soon after, she moved from the school and lived with her living sisters, Emily and Anne.And Charlotte continued her education at Roe Heed School in Mirfield at fiftheen years old.In 1839, Charotte left Roe Heed School and took up the first position as a governess in some private families in Yorkshire.However, the job at that time was treated with bias and she suffered a lot.To make a living, Charlotte and her sister Emily wanted to open a school to teach children French, but they were not good at this language.In 1843, they travelled to Brussels to learn French.They met Mr.Herger, the owner of the Pension at Herger, a girl‟s school, where Charlotte and Emily were pupils and Charlotte later worked as a teacher.While during the period between 1839 and 1842, there were two men ask for Charlotte‟s proposal, one was the brother of Charlotte‟s friend, another was a young clergyman.Charlotte rejected them for the reason that she thought she was not their true love but a tradition to marry a woman.Her attitude towards love was very vivid.She knew whom she loved and what she wanted.Then Charlotte returned her hometown to open a school with her two sisters.However, they failed.After their dream was broken, Charlotte thought writing might be another way.In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under assumed names of Currer, Ellis and Action Bell.Although only two copies were sold, they decided to continue writing for publication and began to work on their first novel.It was very unfortunate, Emily and Anne both died of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1848 and 1849 respectively.Charlotte and her father were left alone.Under the very hardship condition, Charlotte continuously worked hard in the journey of literary creation and published Shirley(1848)and Villette(1853)and began to create the novel Emma in 1853.For her first novel, The Professor(1857)was published under the name Currier Bell and was based on her own experiences of teaching in Brussels, but never found a publisher in her lifetime.The world-famous autobiography novel, Jane Eyre, was written in 1846.In the novel, Charlotte created a figure to make her ideal dream of love come true.On June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father‟s curate.She died nine months later during her first pregnancy.In general, her works are all about the strugggle of an individual consciousness toward slef-realization, about some lonely and neglected young wowen with a longing for love.1.2 The social background of Jane Eyre
1832, the year when the first Reform Act was passed, was usually regarded as the end of the Romantic era and the beginning of the Victorian age, although Queen Victorian did not start her reign until 1837.The Victorian age(1832-1902)was usually subdivided into the following phases: the early victorian period, the mid-victorian period and the late victorian period.And Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre in the early victorian period when the economic developed rapidly.At that time, England developed into a rich, advanced industrial country.Although capitalist had appeared, old convention and prejudice remained dominant.Many social problems still exsited, for instance, the sharpest contrast between the rich and the poor and the rigid social hierarchy.In this period, women were still regarded as second-class hierarchy.They were employed as cheap laborer and were forced to do very hard jobs.They had no place in politics, economics and society.They had no right to pursue their own love and their status were totally dependent upon the economic position of their fathers and then their husbands.Furthermore, they had to sacrifice themselves to serve their husbands and children.However, under various unequal treatments, some outstanding women appeared, such as famous women writers, Bronte sisters.They were great English realists at that time.They created pictures of bourgeois civilization, showing the misery and suffering of the common people.So in the late period of Victorian age, a feminism movement started.Those feminists fought for women‟s equality, freedom, their educational and employment opportunities.What‟s more, Petitions to parliament advocating women‟s suffrage were approved as early as in the 1840.1.3 The brief introduction to “ Jane Eyre”
Jane Eyre, the main character, is a plain orphan who is cruelly treated in childhood by her aunt, Mrs.Reed, the wife of her mother‟s brother.At Gateshead, Jane bears ten years of neglect and abuse, especially after her uncle died.Mrs.Reed is a harsh, cold and unsympathetic woman who treats Jane as a servant, but pampers her three children.They look down upon her because she is not pretty and has no money.In order to be accepted by her aunt, she tries to stand difficulties, however, her aunt still treats her as a thron.After suffering all kinds of inhumane treatments at Gateshead, she is sent away to a boarding school at the tender age of ten, where she receives good education under severe conditions and makes a friend with Helen Burns.There, at Lowood, Jane bears a lot both physically and mentally, only consoled by a kind teacher, Miss Temple.After eight years at the school, Jane Eyre becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall.Mr.Rochester, the master of the house, who seems to have a dark past.Day after day, Mr.Rochester is attracted not by her looks but her wit and courageous spirit, and falls in love with her.This is the same with her.Then Jane accepts Mr.Rochester‟s proposal.But their marriage is prevented by the unexpected fact that he has already had a wife, a mad woman who is still alive.Jane feels very shocked and is deeply hurt, then she leaves him quietly because she doesn‟t want to be a mistress.Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads and refuses to beg for food.Fortunately, the Rivers family takes her into their home at Moor House.Jane develops great affection for the ladies, and happily teaches at St.John‟s school.She gradually thinks that she has inherited a vast fortune because she has become a member of a new famliy.St.John, a very handsome clergyman who is determined to devote himself to God.He admires Jane and asks her to be his wife.However, she suddenly feels that she still cherishes a deep love for Rochester.Finally, she refuses St.John and goes back to find Rochester, who is a blind but free man.Then they marry and enjoy a contented and peaceful life.II.Literary review
Jane Eyre was written according to Charlotte Bronte‟s own experience.It was published in London, England, in 1847 by Smith, Elder & Co.And the first American edition was released the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York.It has been described as “the first modern novel, the first to envelop the life of a plain ordinary woman with romance”(Thomley, G.C.& Gwyneth Roberts, 1984: 124)William Makepeace Thackeray also hailed it as “ the mastework of great genius”.Jane Eyre successfully created a great sensation in the whole literary world through the struggling story of a “Cinderella”.Nowadays, it still attracts many readers.The film which was adapted by Jane Eyre, had won an Oscar Academy Awards.Therefore, lots of writers and critics at home and abroad remain enthusiastic about it.When G.K.Chesterton said, “ The novel of the 19th century was female”(G.K.Chesterton, 2022: 96), he must have been refering to the emergence of a number of brilliant woman writers who gave voice to the feelings and aspirations of the educated women of their age.Charlotte Bronte is one of the greatest women writers, and her Jane Eyre is undoubtedly an outstanding women‟s declaration of independence and love.Jane Eyre is also honoured as “ Another book is required reading for women ” and “ It is worth reading than fifty Trollopes, fifty Dickens and any other novels”.(Trubner and Company, 2022 : 132)Furthermore, Dickens and Thackeray highly praised Jane Eyre as it revealed the political and the social truth to the world.At the same time, Marx also rated Charlotte as an excellent novelist in Britain.Throughout the domestic researches, Jane Eyre also gets a lot of recognition.“ For some years, Charlotte Bronte has written her works, Shirler, Villette and so on, but Jane Eyre is the most successful and popular one”(吴伟仁, 2022: 233)At the same time, it is also regarded as “ a typical work which has a closely connection with the Bible in the 19th literature ”(卓新平, 1992: 232)Zhu Hong, a British and American literature researcher and tutor, understands Jane Eyre as a revenge on the upper society and regards the marriage of Jane and Rochester as a carnival of spiritual revenge.10 III.Jane Eyre at Gateshead
3.1 Jane Eyre’s rebellion
“ Once a person is born, his personality has partly taken shape”.Indeed, the main part of a personality copies his parents, and the remaining part comes just from himself or from the circumstances.The circumstances which Jane lived in her childhood was miserable so that her spirit of striving for independence and rebellion was fully exposed.3.1.1 Under the ill-treatment from John Reed
From the above introduction of Jane‟s experiences at Gateshead, we can know that Jane Eyre‟s life was unhappy and pitiful.Everyone in Reed house humiliated her, the one who always abused Jane Eyre was John Reed.John Reed, four years elder than Jane, was Mrs.Reed‟s only darling son.So no matter what he had done, no one would scold him, instead, all of them would think that it must be Jane‟s fault.At the initial stage, Jane had a little frightened to John when she was abused by him.For example, Jane Eyre said, “every nerve I had feared him, and every morsel of flesh on my bones shrank when he came near.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 9).However, Jane Eyre‟s mind was strong and she was not scared later.On the contrary, the seeds of the rebellion were gradually growing up.As for John, he had not much affection for his mother and sisters, let alone the sympathy to Jane Eyre.Furthermore, he always condemned Jane with dirty words which, to the great extent, hurt Jane‟s self-respect.For instance, he once said, 11 “ You are a dependant, mama says;you have no money;your father left you none;you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen’s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama's expense.Now, I'll teach you to rummage my bookshelves...”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 9)
In our views, the more difficulties there were, the more she was strong.Jane did not think that she should resign to such an uneducated and rude boy.When John Reed lift and hurled the book to Jane, she shouted out “wicked and cruel boy!You are like a murder---you are like a slave driver---you are like the roman emperors!”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 10)Then she tussled with John.This point has been shown clearly that the tolerance level of Jane Eyre has reached her limits.It is known to us that people who are only under the great oppression will break out their enormous power.Just like what Luxun said, “ to explore in silence, or to die in it.”
Jane was a strong girl and never gave up.She dared to protect herself when she suffered from the humiliation of being criticized by everyone.She thought that they were not worth respecting.This thought was obviously contrary to the current of thought at that society of male priority.However, Jane was a different girl.She dared to think and act.The novel had pointed out that “ they had got me by this time into the apartment indicated by Mrs.Reed, and had thrust me upon a stool: my impulse was to rise from it like a spring.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 11)From here we can imagine, at that time, Jane‟s rebellious conciousness was more strong than before.3.1.2 In the Red Room
With the development of the unjust events, Jane started to fight against them.Firstly, facing John‟s unreasonably bullies, Jane didn‟t retreat but strike him.Secondly, the servants often blamed Jane and told her that she should not strike John because he was her young master, but she attacked them in the strongest terms.Thirdly, Mrs.Reed hated to see Jane Eyre because of Jane‟s ceaseless rebellion.All these seemed that Jane was challenging the power of Mrs.Reed.So finally she couldn‟t escape from the tragedy of being sent to the red room.The room was seldom used, for Mr.Reed was dead in this room.We can‟t imagine that how horrible the red room is, even for a little girl.Everything in this room was filled with a sense of ghastly atmosphere, which made people stifling.So was Jane.She said，“ Although there was a superstition with me at that moment, it was not yet her hour for complete victory: my blood was still warm, the mood of the revolted slave was still bracing me with its bitter vigor.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 13)
As long as she considered that“ All John Reed‟s violent tyrannies, all his sisters‟ proud indifference… Why was it useless to try to win any one‟s favor… ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 13)Jane would cause a feeling of hatred at that time.There was only one word would come up her, that was the rebellion.Only through the rebellion, Jane could feel a sense of achievement and satisfactory.Only through the rebellion, she could have the opportunity to get freedom and independence because the red room was just like the hell.During the whole afternoon, Jane thought lots of things in this cold red room.She was sure that it was not the life she wanted.3.1.3 In front of Mrs.Reed
At Gateshead, the conversations between Mrs.Reed and Jane Eyre could well display her rebellions.When faced with so many different kinds of revilement, Jane had not shown any sign of fright.Instead, she gave the powerful words to hit back.While in Mrs.Reed‟s eyes, Jane was an unwelcome alien who permanently invaded her own family group.Therefore, she told her children not to go near Jane, but Jane cried out and said, “ They are not fit to associate with me.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 27)Mrs.Reed was so angry when hearing it, and then dragged her into the nursery, pressed her on the edgy of the bed and said, “ Dared me in an emphatic voice to rise from that place.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 27)Then, Jane talked it back immediately, “ What would uncle Reed say to you, if he were live? ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 27)These words shocked Mrs.Reed, and her eyes were filled with terror.She did not think that such a little girl had so great power and courage to speak to her.In the days of nursery, Jane was always striving, she was often thinking about how to express her inner thoughts out.She had been abused for a long time.But the only thing that she could do was to rebel, which was the best way that could protect her.She had learnt how to gather all her energy and give Mrs.Reed a forceful hit-back.When Mrs.Reed told Mr.Brocklehurst that Jane Eyre was a liar.Jane had a face to face conflict with her aunt, she defended，“ I am not deceitful: if I were you, I should say I love you: but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except the John Reed: and this book about the liar, you may give your girl, Georgiana, for it is she tells lies, and not I.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 35)
How comfortable for Jane as she was saying these words.Jane still continued to say
“ I am glad you are no relation of mine, I will never call you aunt as long as I live, and I will never come to see you when I am grown up.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 35)
Jane was only a ten-year-old girl but she had such kind of courage against the things that she thought unfair.3.2 Jane’s independence at Gateshead
Independence is an outstanding quality throughout the whole novel.Jane Eyre is not pretty but her character is unique.Under a variety of difficulties at Gateshead, Jane gradually began to realize the importance of independence, as her conciousness of rebellion becoming more and more strong.She knew that dependence and incompetence invited nothing but scorn.As a result of the event that she striked with John, she was sent to the red room by her aunt.In the red room, she realized she needed to be saved and protected by herself and she needed to be self-reliant.She said, “ Unjust!I never compromise to them.I shall be independent.”(Charottle Bronte, 2022: 14)She hated Gateshead, she hated everyone there.She believed that only when she was independent, could she be respected by others.After all, Jane Eyre was a little girl and it was hard for her to be economically independent.Because of the hatred between Reeds and Jane Eyre, Jane would like to be sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution.Before Jane left the Gateshead, she rebuked Mrs.Reed，“ You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness;but I cannot live so… People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted.You are deceitful!”(Charottle Bronte, 2022: 35)
This was the first time that Jane enjoyed a sense of triumph and freedom.And she also felt she was independent because she escaped from there.15 IV.Jane Eyre at Lowood Institution
4.1 Jane’s rebellion
With thirst for new life, Jane Eyre went to Lowwood.It was a charity school, but in fact was a hell for poor girls.During the eight years of school‟s life, Jane‟s thought gradually became mature.What‟s more, this experience further developed her rebellion.4.1.1 Contrast between Helen Burns and Jane · Eyre
In Lowood, Helen Burns played a very important role in Jane Eyre‟s childhood and even in Jane‟s whole life, Helen Burns could be undoubtedly considered as Jane‟s friend.Helen was the first person who spoke to Jane in the Lowood.Jane loved to be with Helen because she was willing to share everything with her.However, they had different characters when they came across the same conditions.For example, when Helen was punished in the middle of a room, she had no complaining words.It seemed that nothing had happended, no crying, no shameful expression on her face.But Jane got very angry and she said to Helen，“ If I were in your place, I should dislike her;I should resist her;if she struck me with that rod, I should get it from her hand;I should break it under her nose.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 55)
So seen from this sentence, we learned that Helen didn‟t dare to fight, and she wasn‟t brave as much as Jane.And she told Helen，16 “ A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you.It is all ever desire to be.If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid… I am sure we should— so hard as to teach the person who struck us never do it again!”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 56)
This forceful speech embodied the deep oppression of Jane‟s rebellious spirit.We believed that if Jane was right, she would do it without any hesitation.Here, Jane‟s rebellious character kept growing.Helen was always telling her belief to Jane.She was deeply poisoned by religion and sincerely believed in God.Furthermore, she wished to be in heaven after death.She said to Jane, “ I am sure there is a future state;I believe God is good… God is my father;God is my friend;I love Him;I believe He loves me.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 80)But Jane did not like her.She would not sumbit to fate and the environment.She was a girl born with strong rebellion.As long as any evil force came to her, she must fight against them and must protect herself.This rebellious awareness was just the quality that Helen was lack of.4.1.2 Against Mr.Brocklehurst
As we all know, Mr.Brocklehurst was not only a hypocrite, but also a snob man, though he was the founder of the Lowood.So at the Lowood School, he could enjoy the most favorable right.He treated the students as servants and punished the students in the name of saving their souls.The school didn‟t provide the poor children with enough food, clothes and it could not give good treatment for the disease.Therefore, death had become something common at Lowood Institution.This condition aroused Jane‟s rebellion again.Jane was a girl who was always ready to fight.It was obvious that she didn‟t like Mr.Brocklehurst.At Lowood, Mr.Brocklehurst scolded Jane as a liar.Undoubtedly, such sharp words hurt Jane deeply.As long as there was a hope, Jane would have a sense of rebellion.When Mr.Brocklehurst wanted to cut the long hair of Severn, the blackboard suddenly slipped from Jane‟s hand and fell with an obtrusive crash so that Mr.Brocklehurst punished Jane to stand on the chair in front of everyone.As Jane had said that she could not bear such humiliating punishment, but now she was standing in the middle of the room.The feelings of inward were beyond the description.Jane‟s heart was filled with fury.She never stopped longing for a free life in a new world.She thought that she must do everything she could completely to fight against the bad man and to resist the unfair punishement.At this moment, Jane‟s rebellion became stronger and stronger.4.2 Jane’s independence at Lowood Institution
Jane‟s independent consciousness was sprouted at Gateshead first, it took shape at Lowood Institution.Under lots of unfair punishement, Jane gained strength from her teacher and fellow students.And Jane tired to achieve her independence.Helen‟s sincere friendship gave her strength.Although she didn‟t accept Helen‟s belief about abandoning human affection and praying for God‟s love, but Jane was deeply moved by Helen‟s words，“ Yet it would be your duty to bear it , if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 55)Jane learnt self-control from Helen Burns.And Helen told her that life was so short that people couldn‟t waste it to bear grudges.This might be the reason why Jane finally forgave Mrs.Reed.Miss Temple, a teacher who was admired and deeply loved by Jane.When Mr.Brocklehurst told all the people that Jane was a liar, Miss Temple gave a chance to Jane to defend herself.She believed what Jane said and it gave Jane great consolation.Miss Temple often encouraged her students to keep up their spirits.Jane learnt the value of independence from her.After the leaving of Miss Temple, Jane couldn‟t put up with dullness there.She was eager for freedom and a new life.She told herself that she wanted to go to a lively place.And no matter what happened in the future, she would face it bravely.The rebellious spirit was lightened again.And she also believed that if she wanted to be independent, she must achieve economic independence.Then Jane made an advertisement and got a job as a governess at Thornfied.V.Jane at Thornfield Hall and Moor House
5.1 Jane’s rebellion
Time in Thornfield‟s and Moor House played a significant role in Jane Eyre‟s life.This part showed the climax of Jane‟s rebellious and independent spirit through her attitude to human dignity, love and marriage.5.1.1 On human dignity
When Jane Eyre first came to Thornfield Hall, she didn‟t feel ashamed of her plain apperance and poverty-stricken state.She defended her dignity as defending her life.Jane didn‟t show any subservience before her wealthy and arrogant master.When Rochester ordered Jane to talk more with him to please him, she refused firmly.In Jane‟s eyes, Mr.Rochester couldn‟t consider himself superior to her regarding to his age, experience and status.Jane stayed consistent in her beliefs when she didn‟t know much about Rochester yet.One evening, she was asked by Rochester, “ Do you think I‟m handsome? ” “ Normally I would have taken time to think, and said something polite, but somehow I answered at once, „ No, sir.‟ ” Jane wrote.(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 129)She was unwilling to tell that Mr.Rochester was handsome although he was her employer.She didn‟t want to flatter others, although she knew that it would benefit her job.She hoped that she could be equal to his master in spirit except in money and in social class.Since then, she was able to communicate with Rochester in spirit and gained respect for human dignity from him.5.1.2 On love
Day by day, through many equal contacts between Jane and Rochester, Jane found that she fell in love with Rochester.“ The friendly frankness, as correct as cordial, with which he treated me, drew me to him.I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 144)She comprehended his faults and sympathized his misfortune.She saw his kind-hearted nature.Jane loved Mr.Rochester very much.In order to pursue the whole love from Mr.Rochester, Jane was fighting for the traditional ideas all the time.When she heard that Mr.Rochester would get married with Miss.Ingram, she was desperate.As for Mr.Rochester, he thought that Jane would like some women 20 who begged for the so-called love.However, to Rochester‟s surprise, Jane said to him firmly，“ I must leave you and Thornfield, I must!I tell you I must go.Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automation?...You think wrong.I have as much as you---and full as much heart!”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 194)
Jane Eyre retorted.Thus it can be seen that the holding capacity of Jane‟s mind was so great.She wouldn‟t bear any humiliation.She respected Mr.Rochester‟s decision.She didn‟t want to be painful again.She said，“ And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me… and we stood at God’s feet, equal, as we are!”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 248)
This was Jane‟s real declaration of human right.She dared to resist her master severely to defend her own rights.Just because of her unique character and action, Mr.Rochester expressed his inner feelings.Amazed and excited, Jane agreed to be his wife.However, it was on Jane‟s marrying day that she knew the fact that Mr.Rochester had a legal wife.Undoubtedly, it was a heart-stuck attack to Jane.At this moment, it was impossible for them to get married because she knew that Mr.Rochester didn‟t belong to her any more.He had a wife.If she continued to stay in Thornfield, she would became Mr.Rochester‟s mistress who wouldn‟t be accepted by society.No matter how she loved Mr.Rochester, Jane could not persuade herself to be married with him.Being alone in the world, she had no one to depend on.At last, she perfered to leave Rochester rather than to lose her individual dignity.She said loudly and clearly before she left Thornfield, “ I care for myself… I will hold to the principles received by me when I was sane, and not mad—as I am now.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 310)It was a pity that they didn‟t get together, for they loved each other deeply.However, Jane‟s unusual rebellious character was perfectly shown.She dared not only to rebel the unfairness but also to challenge the social conventions to pursue her own rights.After leaving Rochester‟s home, Jane wandered here and there.She was nearly dead.Luckily, she met with St.John and his sisters.They were very friendly and warm-hearted to her.With their care, Jane recovered quickly.Soon, she worked as a village teacher in a church school.St.John thought highly of Jane‟s talent and made an offer of marriage several times in the name of “ God‟s will”.Jane resolutely refused him.She knew that she was the right person who could help him to do missionary work and their marriage wasn‟t based on true love.She pointed out, “ He prizes me as a soldier would a good weapon, and that is all.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 397)Yielding to St.John‟s request, it meant to give up Jane‟s rights.And she said to St.John that she scorned his idea of love.John was shocked by this sentence because he met the resistance from Jane.Furthermore, she still loved Mr.Rochester, so she determined to return to Thronfield again.However, Thronfield had become a wasteland after a big fire, and Rochester was blind and disabled but free.At this moment, she felt that she loved Rochester more than ever.So she decided to stay with him and to look after him for all of her life.In the end, Jane Eyre possessed noble soul and gained true love.5.2 Jane’s independence at Thornfield Hall and Moor House
In order to support herself, Jane worked as a governess at Thornfield Hall where developed her independence totally.She completely earned money by her own.Although Rochester was rich, Jane never thought of depending on him.She remembered all the time that the self-respect and dignity of a woman were based on the economical independence.She thought, “ If I had ever so small an independency;I never can bear being dressed like a doll by Mr.Rochester… I could better endure to be kept by him now.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 264)After knowning that Rochester also loved her, Jane was excited and told Rochester, “ I shall continue to act as Adele‟s governess;by that I shall earn my board and lodging… and you shall give me nothing but—your regard!”(Charlotte Bronte, 2022: 265)From here we could see that Jane‟s character of self-respect and independence was so strong and firm, and Jane showed her spirit sufficiently.As for love, Jane hold that independence and pursuit of the equal rights were the fundamental elements.And she protected her independence and personality all the time.When Rochester intended to give her a lot of jewelry and beautiful clothes, she refused.She thought that real love wasn‟t based on money and jewelry.Her love didn‟t mix with conventional ideas at that time and she didn‟t want to be the slave of money and to rely on others.Furthermore, she did not want to be an accessory of Rochester.Until she left the Thornfield, she didn‟t take those things that were sent by Rochester.And at Moor House, she refused St.John‟s proposal.All the actions and thoughts were fully shown that Jane would insist on her spirit under any conditions.VI.Conclusion
From Jane‟s story at Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield and Moor House, we learn that Jane‟s life is full of tears, misery and humiliation.However, she never gives up the determination in struggling against her fate and pursuing independence.The paper has analyzed Jane Eyre‟s rebellious and independent spirit.In her chidhood, she had the rebellious spirit and independent conciousness.After she turned into a mature woman, she became more independent and continued to struggle bravely against the unjustice under the bad enviroment.From Gateshead to Lowood Institution, from Thornfield to Moor House, Jane‟s spirit developed step by step until she gained her own perfect love at last.Jane is a new image of woman who is worthy learning.The value of a woman does not lie in her looks, her dress, and any other things that have a powerful fascination to men‟s eyes, but in her nature, her mind and her character.In fact, no matter in which society you live, the woman who wanted to pursue equality, freedom or even feminism should pursue financial, personal and political independence.As for love in the modern society, women should seek it on the base of equality and true love not on money, houses or cars.Just like Jane Eyre, though she doesn‟t have a beautiful appearance and enough money, she would own her wholehearted love.References
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