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第一篇：八年级下英语第一单元知识点总结
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
1.fallv.come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc;drop;become 落下；跌落；变成The book fell off the shelf.这本书从架子上掉了下来。
fall用作动词时，主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词，可以和介词或副词搭配，表示“落下；跌落”，例如：I fell back in my chair.我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词，与形容词连用，表示进入某种状态，如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时，表示“落下；降低”，例如：I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof.我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”，与autumn意思相同。
词汇扩展
常用搭配：fall asleep 入睡fall behind 落后于（某人或某物）
fall down 跌落fall in love with 喜爱；爱上
fall off 掉下fall over 跌落；被绊倒
谚语：He who does not advance falls backward.不进则退。
Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败。
2.alone adv.Without any companions 独自地；孤独地
I don't like going out alone after dark.我不愿意天黑后独自外出。
解析along 和lonely：
（1）alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手。alone和on one's own，by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时，一般与be 动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home.她独自一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时，放在动词后面作状语。例如：I like to work alone.我喜欢独自一人工作。alone 用作副词时，也可作定语，意思是“只有；仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如：This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees.仅是今年，我们已经载了一万颗树。
（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的；寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时，意思为“孤单的；荒凉的；偏僻的”等。例如：That's a lonely island.那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的；寂寞的”。例如：I was alone but I didn't feel lonely.我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然
let alone 不管；不必考虑
谚语：An evil chance seldom comes alone.祸不单行
3.dressv.put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣
Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗？
dress还可以用作名词，表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”。例如：Mary wore a long red dress last evening.玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。
辨析dress，put on 和wear：
（1）用作动词时，dress既可以表动作，也可以表状态，常用人作宾语，意思是“……穿衣服”，例如：She is only a girl of three.She can't dress herself.她只是一个三岁的女孩，她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是，在表示“给自己穿衣”时，我们通常说dress oneself(= get dressed)；当dress表示状态时，一般要用be dressed in 结构，例如：She was dressed in a red coat.她穿着一件红色的上衣。
（2）put on 意思是“穿（戴）上”，强调动作。例如：He put on his coat and went out.他穿上大衣就出去了。
（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”，强调状态。例如：Lucy's mother often wears a pair of glasses.露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。
词汇扩展
常用搭配：dress(somebody)up(in something / as somebody or something)化妆打扮
谚语：Eat to please myself, but dress to please others.吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。
1.unpleasant adj.not pleasant;not enjoyable 使人不愉快的；不合意的There is an unpleasant smell from this room.这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。
unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的；讨厌的”，例如：I found his manner very unpleasant.我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。
词汇拓展
相关词：unpleasantly adv.厌恶地反义词：pleasant adj.令人愉快的记忆导航
unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有：able有能力的——unable没有能力的；happy高兴的——unhappy不高兴的。
2.hundredn.the number 100;a very large number of things or people
（一）百；许多（事物或人）
The tree was probably a hundred years old.这棵树可能已经有一百年了。
Hundreds of people attended the famous director's farewell concert.好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。
用法
hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后，一般不用复数形式，例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的；许多的”意思时，它面前不用具体数字，而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这
个结构中要用复数形式，前面可加some，a few，several等词修饰。例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars.她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的；许多的，millions of 数以百万计的；无数的。词汇拓展
谚语：One good head is better than a hundred strong hands.上百双有力的手，不如一个聪明的头脑。To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once.百闻不如一见。
3.such adj.of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned 这（那）样的；这（那）种
辨析such 和so：
（1）such 是形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，修饰名词。例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before.我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是，such修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：such a / an 形容词 单数可数名词。
（2）so是副词，意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：I have never seen so beautiful a place before.我从未见过这么美的地方。同样，需要特别注意的是，so修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：so 形容词 a / an 单数可数名词。此外，当名词前有few，many，little，much等修饰词时，要用so。例如：so many people，so few days，so much time，so little money等。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：such as 例如such and such 某某；这样那样的谚语：There's no such thing as a free lunch.世上没有免费的午餐。
1.inprep.在……之后（用于将来时）
in 100 years 在一百年后
People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.一百年以后，人们家中会有机器人。
比较：after 在……之后（用于过去时，表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）
He will come back in two hours.他两小时后会回来。
He came back after two hours.他是两小时后回来的。
2.less, fewer 比较少；more 比较多
less 是little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词
fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词
more 是much和many的比较级
much 修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词
I have less money than he has.我的钱比他的少。
There are more building in this city than in that city.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。
3.fall in love with...爱上……
Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.去年我参观了艺术展，爱上了毕加索的作品。
4.a kind of...一种；some kinds of...几种
a kind of book一种书
five kinds of flowers五种花
many different kinds of goldfish各种不同的金鱼
（fish 单复数相同，此处是复数）
5.as well as 也；与too 同义
He likes this book and he likes that book, too./ He likes this book as well as that book.他喜欢这本书，也喜欢那本书。
She can come here, too./ She can come here as well.她也能来。
6.worthadj.值……；值得……；相当于……价值
This house is worth $10 000.这个房子价值一万美元。
be(well)worth doing sth.（很）值得做
That film is(well)worth seeing.那部电影（很）值得看。
These books are worth reading twice.这几本书值得看两遍。
7.knock down...击倒，撞倒；拆除
knock down the pins 击倒球柱knock down the machine 拆除机器
knock 组成的词语还有：
knock on(at)the door 敲门
knock into sb.撞了某人
knock up 叫醒
1.predictionn.预言，预测
predictv.predict that 后接从句，如
The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow.天气预告说明天阳光明媚。
I predict that he will win.我预测他会赢。
2.paper money
papern.纸，纸张，是不可数名词，如a piece of paper。
paper money 中paper是名词做定语，表材质，只用单数。
newspaper n.报纸，可数名词
3.spacen.表示“宇宙，空间时”，不可数名词；通常前面不用冠词。
There are many stars in outer space.在太空中有很多恒星。
Travel through space to other planets interests many people.现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感兴趣。
4.besidesprep.除了……还；相当于as well as, in addition to。如：
Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.除了打篮球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。
All of us passed besides John.除了约翰外，我们也都及格了。
语言要点
1.---What do you think Sally will be in five years?---I think she'll be a doctor.2.---What do you think life will be like in 100 years?---Every home will have a robot.3.---Will kids go to school?---No, they won't.They'll study at home.4.---There will be fewer trees.5.robot, credit card, leisure time, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rockets, space station, moon, fewer, less, fall in love with, World Cup, in the future, the same as, help with
写作
学校要举办My future is not a dream.的演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛。
参考句型及词汇：
In ten years or more, I will...try, study hard, keep fit, work well,make achievement, achieve success...写作点拨：
写演讲稿时应注意：
1.就本文来说可先描述对未来的畅想，然后写为了实现这样的梦想应该如何去做，最后表明自己的决心。
2.畅想未来时，应用一般讲来时。
参考范文：
My Future is not a dream.Future!What an exciting word!
Very often I ask myself: “What will the future be like?” Sometimes I sit at my desk, daydreaming.Could I make great achievement in the future? Will my future be a bed of rose? Can I grasp the chances when they come to me?
In ten years or more, will I be working as a scientist, a teacher or a soldier? After work, what other things can I do? Maybe I can go to many places and see the world.And I'll have more leisure hours for books.There are so many books I want to read.I'll go swimming in the real sea, and to skate on real ice!
Facing the future, I couldn't help feeling excited.As a junior middle school student, first of all I must study hard, keep fit and work well.Furthermore, I will learn English well.I'll do my best and I'm sure I'll achieve success.I feel confident for my future.
第二篇：新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
一、重要短语归纳
1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里
3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海滩
5.visit museum参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参观夏令营 7.quite a few相当多 8.study for为……而学习
9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间 11.taste good尝起来很好吃 12.come up出来,发生
13.of course当然 14.feel like给……的感觉；感受到 15.go shopping去购物 16.in the past在过去
17.walk around四处走走 18.because of因为
19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天
21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出；查明
23.go on继续 24.take photos照相
25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下
27.have a good time玩得高兴=enjoy oneself=have great fun
二、语法专项 1.复合不定代词
①定义
a)复合不定代词由some;any;no;every和body;thing;one构成的合成词。
即：复合不定代词：something, somebody, someone;anything, anybody, anyone，nothing, nobody, no one;everything, everybody, everyone b)它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。②用法
(1)受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。
如：Tell us something interesting.给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired.没有一个人很累。There is nothing to eat.这里没有吃的东西。
(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their.如：If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait.要是有人来，让他等着。
(3)anyone, everyone, someone, no one: a)只能指人，不能指物;b)且其后一般不接of 短语。
c)若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one(即分开写)。③考点要求
(1)自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中； any表示“某”，用于否定句或问句； no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义； every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。
(2)主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
如：错：Everybody in our class are interested in English.对：Everybody in our class is interested in English.(3)定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。
如：错：I have important something to tell you.对：I have something important to tell you.(4)none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；
其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。如：错：He is new here, so none knows him.对：He is new here, so no one knows him.错：Nobody of them has been to England before.对：None of them has been to England before..(5)代换复合不定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物。表人时，用they代换；表物时，用it代换。
如：Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? Nobody has been there before, have they? 2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词 1）规则变化
①直接加ed：work--worked
②以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live---lived ③以辅音字母 y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study---studied ④以元音字母 y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy---enjoyed ⑤以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母 ed： stop---stopped 2）不规则变化
练习：用动词正确形式填空
1.I _________(have)an exciting party last weekend.2.---_________ she _________(practice)her guitar yesterday?---No, she _________.3.---What ________ Tom ________(do)on Saturday evening?
---He ________(watch)TV and __________(read)an interesting book.4.They all _________(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.5.She _________(not visit)her aunt last weekend.She ________(stay)at home and _________(do)some cleaning.单项选择
1.—what did you do on vacation? —I ________ to New York city.a.go b.going c.went d.goes 2.They helped me _______my books.a.finded b.find c.found d.finding 3.what _____you _______last night? a.did, do b.do, do c.did, doing d.are, do 4.—where did she go on vacation? —she ______to the beach.a.go b.goes c.went d.going 5.Did he go to central park? Yes, he ________.a.did b.didn’t c.do d.does 在使用不定代词的时候要注意：
（1）some 和any 既可修饰_________ 又可修饰__________。Some 多用于________ 句中，而any 多用于________、________、__________句中。但是，在Would you like some tea? 这类问句中则用_________,而不用________.这是因为_________________________.(2)_______ ________ _________ 都表示很多，但________ 只修饰可数名词复数，much 只修饰____________ , __________ 既可接可数名词复数，又可与不可数名词连用。(3)回顾 few, a few, little, a little 的用法区别
(4)由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，都做 ________ 看待，其谓语动词用__________________.(5)不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要____________.练习题见书上P3
第三篇：八年级英语下册知识点总结(1-3单元)
八年级英语下册知识点总结(1-3单元)
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、基础知识
1.What’ s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?
【解析】matter/ ' mætə(r))/n.问题;事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj.不能加the
【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：
What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.2.I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼
3.身体部位 ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词
stomach ache=stomachache head ache=headache tooth ache=toothache back ache=backache后背痛
4.much too 形容词，意为 太......，too much 名词，意为 很多，大量。
5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money
6.lie down躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay;lie说谎，过去式lied
7.maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词 be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sound like 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound 形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9.need 需要，实义动词need 名词，需要某物;
need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10.get off(the bus)下(公交车)get on 上车
11.agree 同意，赞同;
agree with sth.同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.agree to sb.同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.12.trouble问题，麻烦;be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble(in)doing sth.=have difficulties(in)doing sth做......有麻烦。
13.right away=right now=at once，意为 马上。
14.advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，give sb.advice on sth.就某事给某人建议;advise [动词] advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
advise sb.doing sth.【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼
当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s
当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s
16.hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词，……(部位)疼。His leg hurt badly.clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】 干净的，cleaner意为 清洁工。
18.hit(用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb.on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位;
hit sb.in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态;His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.“变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.20.【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time;免费的the drink is for free;自由的I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth.run out.某物用尽了。
人sb.run out of sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22.risk(sb.)to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
23.the importance of(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of(learning)English.importance n.重要(性)，important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的 decision 【名词】决定;抉择;make a decision 做决定;
make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth.。
25.be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中
26.【复习】mind意为 介意，mind doing sth.介意做某事 ，Would you mind my opening the window?
27.give up(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事，give up(playing)computer games;
give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.二、重点语法
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
【用法】
1.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isn’t quite herself today.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中。
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth.by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……).hurt oneself摔伤自己
say to oneself自言自语
leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍……自己
【提醒】
1.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myself can finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework./ I can finish my homework myself.2.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西)”时，须要用one’s own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’m drawing with myself crayons.(正)I’m drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
一、基本知识点
1.sick 生病的，有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child
【区别ill】ill与sick同义;但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2.cheer(sb.)up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3.give out分发;散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.give sth.out to sb.意为 把某物分发给某人。
4.volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做(某事)volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5.used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。
There used to be a cinema here.这里曾有一个照相机。
They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。
6.alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely(感到)孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7.care for sb./sth.照顾;照料……
care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事
→【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 →【副词】carefully 仔细地
8.such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词
such a/ an 形容词 单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛
such 形容词 复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物
如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time
9.try out for…参加…选拔，争取成为…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out试用，试验
10.journey 【名词】(尤指长途)旅行，行程;trip【名词】多指短途旅行;
travel【名词、动词】travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者
11.【复习】be busy with sth.忙于(做)什么事情 be busy doing sth.忙于(做)什么事情
12.【复习】try doing sth.试着去做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try one’s best(to do sth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事
13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth.= worry about sb./ sth.担心某人、某事
14.raise money集资，筹钱;raise money for…为……筹钱
raise【动词】举起;提高;募集
15.keep【动词】keep 名词，保留(某物);keep 形容词，保持
16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的;blind瞎的，失明的;deaf聋的;disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的;在句中做定语和表语。
make it possible(for sb.)to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it 形容词( for sb.)to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为…;
think/find it 形容词to do sth.18.make a difference to…对……有影响;对……有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如
The rain made no difference to the game.Hard-working makes much difference to study.19.difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数;
have difficulty(in)doing sth.= have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难
20.train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog
21.be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋，Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】excited意为 兴奋的，修饰人;exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。
22.order【名词】命令，指示;顺序，次序【动词】订购;点(菜)follow the order。
23.change【动词】变化，改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style).【名词】变化;零钱
change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.repair 【动词】修理，修补;fix【动词】安装;使固定 【fix up修理=repair】
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗?
Could you please do sth ?请你(做)......好吗? 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I can’t2、take out 取出(v adv)
【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间;跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
His teeth hurt badly.The dentist take them out.【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下;起飞
3.Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?
do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the 名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the 动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some 动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物
Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗?
1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗?
用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?
2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反)at most 至少，不超过
Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.3】finish v 结束;完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
— Can you finish __reading__ these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
How time is flies!Three years __is_____(be)really a short time.足够的，充分的(在句中作定语或表语)
【解析2】enough I don’t have enough money with me.足够;充分(放在形容词;副词后)The river is deep enough for swimming.【记】 Mr.Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前;修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。
6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?
你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗?
【解析】take out 拿出;取出
take 的用法：
Please take some books to the classroom.Take this medicine three times a day.take
They usually take the bus to work.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.【拓展】take 构成的短语：
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下;起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急;慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温
7.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一......就......” Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】 in front of
指在物体外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.【辨析】
指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom
【记】 The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car.The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.【注意】有the无the区别大：
at table 吃饭;进餐 in hospital 住院
at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院(不一定看病)
【解析3】come over 过来
【拓展】 come 短语：
come across(偶然)发现 come back 回来 come up with想出
come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点
come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
7.You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务!
all the time = always 一直;总是
8.I’m just as tired as you are!我和你一样累!【解析】as...as...和......一样......9.For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
【解析】neither 助动词/系动词/情态动词 主语 “某人(主语)也不”
⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor be / V助 / V情 主”
—The first one wasn’t bad.— Neither was the second.10.The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。
【解析】find 宾语 宾语补足语
【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1)find sb.doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2)find it adj. to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.11.She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。
【解析】in surprise 惊奇地;吃惊地
surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj.令人吃惊的 →surprised adj.吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是)，he got the first prize in the exam.12.“ I’m do sorry, Mom.I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。
【解析1】need v 需要
用于肯定句，是实义动词。
(1)人做主语，sb.need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done
①Students need ___to have_______(have)a good rest in studying.②The watch needs__mending___(mend).用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词
(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
— Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t
【解析2】share 分享;共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb.与某人分享某物
(All his friends __Shared___ his happiness when he won the match.13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗?
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起
14.Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗?
【解析】pass ⑴v 给;递;走过;通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递
Please pass the paper on to the other students.⑵ v 通过;路过 I pass your home.⑶ v 通过(考试);及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗?
【解析】borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.(3)keep 保留，保存(延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】
【记】 I want to __borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me，because Tom had _kept____ it for two days.16.I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。
【解析】try(not)to do sth努力(不)做某事。
try v 试图，设法，努力
【拓展】(1)try on 试穿
(2)try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3)try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
17.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?
那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗?
【解析】ask sb.to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求，要某物
ask sb.about sth 向某人询问关于某事
(1)ask sb.for help 向某人请求帮助
(2)ask sb.(not)to do sth请求某人做某事
ask构成的短语：
短语 含义
ask sb.to do sth 请某人做某事
ask sb.not to do sth 不让某人做某事
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
ask for help 寻求帮助
19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。
【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事
— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? — Yes, I can.【解析2】while conj.“在……期间;当……的时候”
While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。
_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析3】help sb.with sth.在某事上帮助某人。
【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj.有帮助的
(1)help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下
(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下
①I think reading is very __helpful____(help).② __Without____ your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.20.Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗?
【解析】invite sb.to Sp.邀请某人去某地
【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请
(1)invite sb.to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb.to 地点 邀请某人去某地
21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。
【解析】make sb.do sth 让某人做某事
make → made →made v.做，制作，使得
(1)make sb/sth 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy
(2)make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.Colors can change our moods and make us _feel__ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.22.They don’t have time to study and do housework，too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。
【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事
have time =be free 有空
23.Housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱
waste v “浪费”
waste time/money on sth waste time / money(in)doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱
Don’t ____waste______water.Can’t you see the sign “save water”?
24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and
get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。
【解析1】spend...on sth 在某事上花费......spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb. spend 时间/钱 on sth ◆sb. spend 时间/钱 (in)doing sth
◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.(2)pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb. pay 钱 for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.— How much did you __pay__ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars.(3)cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. 钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new computer costs me a lot of money.I bought a new sweater last weekend.It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析2】in order to “目的是;为了” 后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事
He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.【解析3】get into =enter 进入
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服
get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧
get ready for n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事
get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)
25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。
【解析】get older 长大
get/ become/ go辨析：
⑴ get adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.⑶go adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿
26.It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。
【解析】provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物
provide v 提供
provide sb.with sth.(sb 前介词用for)=provide sth for sb.(sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物
相当于：offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供;供给” provide sb.with sth.=provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予” offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.为某人提供某物
①The Internet provides us _with__a lot of _information___we need.② —Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health? — Of course, it’s my pleasure.27.And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。
【解析】anyway 无论如何,(一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开)
28.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。
【解析】It is important for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的
29.Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。
【解析】depend on 依靠;信赖
—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.30....Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。
【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责;尽本分 Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责
【解析2】keep sth /sb. adj.“使......处于某种状态”
Her mother asked her to keep the windows __open__ and the door __closed__.keep 系动词 “保持” keep adj.We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持;继续”
(1)keep(on)doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working
He kept on __ talking__ after the ball rang for class.(2)keep sb.Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.My teacher kept me __doing___ homework all the afternoon.31.Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。
【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj.发展的→developed adj.发达的 a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 China is a __developing___country.32.Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。
【解析】since conj.既然(表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首)
.—You have been in Neijiang very long? —Yeah.__Since___my parents came here.33.Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。
take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go.I need to ___take care of___ my baby at home.【拓展】与take相关的短语：
take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出)take care当心 take a walk散步
take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温 take one’s time别着急
34.As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped.结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。
【解析1】as a result 结果(插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开)
Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child.【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡
35.The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。
【解析】the 比较级，the 比较级 “越......越......”
The more you smile, the ___ happier____ you will feel.
第四篇：八年级英语1-10单元知识点总结
人教版新目标八年级上册英语Units1-10单元知识点归纳 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给……的感觉；感受到go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来 buy sth.for sb./ buy sb.sth.为某人买某物
taste adj.尝起来…… look adj.看起来……nothing…but 动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有 seem （to be） adj.看起来……arrive in 大地点 / arrive at 小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do.sth.?为什么不做……呢？so adj. that 从句 如此……以至于…… tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事
Unit2 How often do you exercise? help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医morn than多于；超过 less than少于help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about…?......怎么样？/ ……好不好？want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many 可数名词复数 一般疑问句？ ……有多少……? 主语 find that从句.……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光It’s adj. to do sth.做某事的……的。ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事by doing sth.通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?
movie theater电影院 close to…离……近clothes store服装店 in town在镇上 so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more……越来越…… and so on等等 all kinds of……各种各样的 be up to是……的职责；由……决定 not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造（故事、谎言等）play a role in…在……方面发挥作用/有影响for example例如 take…seriously认真对待 give sb.sth.给某人某物 come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到Can I ask you some…?我能问你一些……吗？How do you like…?你认为……怎么样？Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。What do you think of…?你认为……怎么样? much adj./adv.的比较级 ……得多 watch sb.do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of 可数名词的复数 ……之一
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?
think of认为 learn from从……获得；向……学习find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目 game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对 try one’s best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与……一样有名 have a discussion about就……讨论 one day有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place代替；替换do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料 one of……之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of……的象征 let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing…?做……怎么样？ be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.grow up成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对……有把握 make sure确信；务必 send…to…把……送到…… be able to能 the meaning of……的意思 different kinds of不同种类的
write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与……有关系 take up开始做；学着做ardly ever几乎不；很少 too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能
be going to 动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事 help sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事
Unit7 Will people have robots? on computer在电脑上 on paper在纸上 live to do 200 years old活动200岁 free time空闲时间in danger处于危险之中 on the earth在地球上 play a part in sth.参与某事 space station太空站look for寻找 computer programmer电脑编程员 in the future在未来 hundreds of许多；成百上千the same…as…与……一样 over and over again多次；反复地 get bored感到厌烦的 wake up醒来 fall down倒塌
will 动词原形 将要做…… fewer/more 可数名词复数 更少/更多…… less/more 不可数名词 更少/更多…… have to do sth.不得不做某事
agree with sb.同意某人的意见 such 名词（词组）如此……
play a part in doing sth.参与做某事 There will be 主语 其他 将会有……
There is/are sb./sth. doing sth.有……正在做某事
make sb.do sth.help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 It’s adj. for sb.to do sth.对某人来说，做某事……的。
Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake? milk shake奶昔 turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 pour…into…把……倒入…… a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶 a good idea好主意 on Saturday在星期六 cut up切碎 put…into…把……放入…… one more thing还有一件事 a piece of一片/张/段/首…… at this time在这时 a few一些；几个 fill… with…用……把……装满
cover…with…用……覆盖…… one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 a long time很长时间 how many 可数名词复数 多少…… how much 不可数名词 多少……
It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.到（某人）做某事的时间了 First…Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…….最后……
want to do sth.想要做某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 how to do sth.如何做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事 make 宾语 形容词 使……怎样 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
Unit 9 Can you come to my party? on Saturday afternoon在周六下午 prepare for为……做准备 go to the doctor去看医生have the flu患感冒 help my parents帮助我的父母 come to the party来参加聚会 another time其他时间 last fall去年秋天 go to the party去聚会hang out常去某处；泡在某处 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天 have a piano lesson上钢琴课 look after照看；照顾 accept an invitaton接受邀请turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 take a trip去旅行 at the end of this month这个月末look forward to盼望；期待 the opening of… ……的开幕式/落成典礼 reply in writing书面回复 go to the concert去听音乐会 not…until直到……才
meet my friend会见我的朋友 visit grandparents拜访祖父母 study for a test为考试学习have to不得不 too much homework太多作业 do homework做家庭作业go to the movies去看电影 after school放学后 on the weekend在周末invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事
what引导的感叹句结构：What a/an adj. 可数名词单数（ 主语 谓语）！
What adj. 名词复数/不可数名词（ 主语 谓语）！help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事 be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤 see sb.do sth.see sb.doing sth.the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式
have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对 look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事
reply to sth./sb.答复某事/某人What’s today?今天是什么日子？ What’s the date today? What day is it today?
Unit10 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!
stay at home待在家里 take the bus乘公共汽车 tomorrow night明天晚上 have a class party进行班级聚会half the class一半的同学 make some food做些食物 order food订购食物 have a class meeting开班会at the party在聚会上 potato chips炸土豆片，炸薯条 in the end最后 make mistakes犯错误 go to the party去参加聚会 have a great/good 玩得开心 give sb.some advice给某人提一些建议 go to college上大学 make（a lot of）money赚（许多）钱 travel around the world环游世界 get an education得到教育 work hard努力工作 a soccer player一名足球运动员 keep…to oneself保守秘密talk with sb.与某人交谈 in life 在生活中 be angry at/about sth.因某事生气 be angry with sb.生某人的气in the future在将来 run away逃避；逃跑 the first step第一步 in half分成两半 solve a problem解决问题 school clean-up学校大扫除ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 give sb.sth.给某人某物tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事 too…to do sth.太……而不能做某事
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 advise sb.to do sth.劝告某人做某事It’s best(not)to do sth.最好（不）做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事
第五篇：英语八年级下册第三单元知识点总结
Unit 3.Could you please clean your room?
一、短语动词
1、take out 带出去；取出；拔出；除掉 动副词组
代词作宾语时必须放在两词之间。
2、come over 固定短语
过来，顺便来访，拜访。后面加介词to，后接表示地点的名词作宾语。拓展：take out of 把---从---取出/带出
3、hang →hung→hung
hang out 闲逛；溜达。
4、throw down扔下；随手丢下
其中throw可用作及物或不及物动词，意为扔，掷→threw→thrown 拓展：throw at向----扔去（带有攻击性）throw to 扔给---（不含恶意）throw away扔掉 SectionB
1、take care of 照顾；照料。相当于 look after后可接名词、(反身）代词作宾语。Take good care of相当于look after well
2、二、动词用法
1、finish 及物动词 完成后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。拓展：与finish一样用法的动词或动词短语有：enjoy/look forward to/mind/have fun/practice/be busy/consider/feel like/give up
2、pass用作及物动词
给；递； pass sb sth =pass sth to sb把某物递给某人。
走过、通过（考试等）
作不及物动词，（时间）过去，流逝
3、borrow sth from sb向某人借某物。
非延续性动词
Lend(lent;lent)sb sth=lend sth to sb借给某人某物。非延续性动词
Keep 由“保存”引申为“借”，延续性动词，可与时间段连用。四川-----Excuse me,can I_____your pen?-----sorry,I have_____it to Bob.A.borrow;lend B.borrow;borrowed C.lend;borrowed D.lend;lent
4、hate及物动词
厌恶；讨厌，表示一种感情或心理状态，不能用于进行时态。
Hate sb/sth不喜欢某人或某物
Hate to do/doing sth 厌恶做某事（某一次或经常性的）相当于like的用法。
SectionB
1、invite及物动词
邀请
名词invitation 邀请；请帖。
Invite sb to 地点名词。邀请某人到某地。
Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事。
2、make sb do sth 让某人做某事。
3、动词辨析：
单词
主语
常用结构
含义 Spend(spent)
人
sb spend time/money on sth
Sb spend time/money doing sth Pay(paid)
人
sb pay money for sth Cost(cost)
物
sth cost sb some money Take(took)
it作形式主语 it takes sb some time to do sth 四川：-----I_________a lot of time palying computer games everyday.----oh,boy.it’s bad for your eyes.A.spend B.takes C.pay
4、provide sth for sb =provide sb with sth给某人提供某物
Offer sb sth =offer sth to sb主动给某人提供某物
Offer to do sth 主动提出做某事。
5、depend on依靠；依赖 independent独立的 independence独立性
6、develop作及物动词或不及物动词
发展；壮大。Development发展。
Developed/developing 前者是发达的后者是发展中的。
7、Have no idea 相当于don't know
不知道、drop（dropped）→dropping
（1）drop意为“丢失或落下”时，既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。如：
She was scared and dropped the cup.她吓坏了，丢落了茶杯。
The glass dropped from her hand.玻璃从她的手中掉了下来。
（2）drop作动词还有“（价格）下降；放弃”的意思，如：
The price of the rice has dropped.大米的价格已经降下来了。
Don't drop math.别放弃数学。
（3）drop也可作名词，表示“滴”，如：
A drop of rain fell on my face.一滴雨落在我的脸上。
（4）drop还可指“下跌；落下的距离”，如：
There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday.昨天气温大幅下降。
拓展：drop behind 落后 drop in/by偶然拜访
eye drops 眼药水 a drop in the ocean沧海一粟
Drop out of school辍学
三、名词
1、rubbish 不可数名词
垃圾，废弃物
2、mess名词
杂乱；不整洁。常用短语：in a mess 乱七八糟
3、chores
家务
可数名词
Housework（homework）家务
不可数名词 SectionB
1、stress不可数名词，精神压力；心理负担。
Under the stress of 在---压力之下。
2、waste 名词
浪费
a waste of time 浪费时间
不可数名词
废物；垃圾；浪费
作形容词
无用的；废弃的；丢弃的。
作及物动词
浪费
四、形容词
五、副词
SectionB
1、anyway 副词
而且；加之。
The coat is too expensive and anyway I don’t like the color.还可意为“不管怎样，无论如何，即使这样。
Anyway ,it’s worth trying.The water was cold but he took a shower anyway.六、介词短语
1、in front of在---面前；是指在一定范围外。
in the front of 在----前部，是指在一定范围内。广东中考----why are you standing,Alice?-----I can’t see the blackboard clearly.two tall boys are sitting_________me.A.behind B.next to C.between D.in front of
2、in surprise 惊讶地；惊奇地，常用作状语。
拓展：to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是，常放在句首，作状语。
sectionB
1、in order to目的是；为了 后接动词原形，引导目的状语。位置可放在句首，也可放在句中。否定为：in order not to do.In order that 后面接从句，表示目的，从句中常含有情态动词。广东：in order _______for the meeting,my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.A.not to be late B.not being late C.to be late D.being late
3、as a result 结果；因此
拓展：as a result of 由于----；作为------的结果。
七、连词
1、the minute意为“一----就----”引导时间状语从句，其后省略了引导词that相当于the moment或as soon as（通常情况下主从句时态要一致。但若主句用一般将来时，从句则要用一般现在时表将来。）哈尔滨：boys and girls,calm down and focus on the test paper____you begin to think about the answers.Be confident.you can do it.A.as if B.as soon as C.although
2、when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如： a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.SectionB
1、since 由于；因为；既然，引导原因状语从句，通常放在句首。
还可引导时间状语从句，自---以来。一般用在完成时当中。
八、特殊句型
1、as---as---与---一样，用于同级比较。第一个as为副词，后跟形容词或副词的原级；第二个为连词，引导比较状语从句。
否定形式：not as/so---as---,不如----
2、neither 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词 主语
----也不。
这是一个倒装句，表示上句否定的情况也同样适合后者。
So 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词 主语
----也是。
这是一个倒装句，表示上句肯定的情况也同样适合后者。
拓展：neither 主语 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词
----的确不是这样。（表示说话者同意上文中说话者的否定观点。）
So 主语 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词
-----的确是这样。
表示说话者同意上述说话者说出的观点。
福建----last night I didn't watch the TV show。A Bite of China 2
-----_______did I.I was preparing for today’s test then.A.So B.Either C.Neither SectionB
1、do one’s part in(doing)sth 尽某人的职责做某事。
2、The 比较级，the 比较级
表示越----，就越-----
比较级 比较级
表示越来越------贵州：__________children there are in a family,________their life will be.A.the less;the better B.The fewer;the better C.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer
九、语法专项 1.can 的用法：
（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t.她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。
（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。2.could的用法：
（1）.can的过去式，意为“ 能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗。
（2）.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
—________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number.—Sure.Here it is.A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must The man in the office___be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.A.mustn’t B.may not C.can’t D.needn’t —___ I take the newspaper away? —No, you mustn't.You____read it only here.A.Must;can B.May;can C.Need;must D.Must;must
