第一篇:英语句子成分分析

       英语句子成分分析

       一、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

       (以下例句按上述顺序排列)I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pathe exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

       We study English.He is asleep.三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

       He is a teacher.(名词)

       Seventy-four!You don’t look it.(代词)

       Five and five is ten.(数词)

       He is asleep.(形容词)

       His father is in.(副词)

       The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)

       My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)

       To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.”(不定式)

       The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)

       常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)…

       It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.三、宾语:

       1)动作的承受者——动宾

       I like China.(名词)

       He hates you.(代词)

       How many do you need? We need two.(数词)

       We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.(动名词)

       I hope to see you again.(不定式)

       Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)

       2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾

       Are you afraid of the snake?

       Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

       He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

       We elected him monitor.(名词)

       We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.(名)

       We will make them happy.(形容词)

       We found nobody in.(副词)

       please make yourself at home.(介词短语)

       Don’t let him do that.(省to不定式)

       His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式)

       Don’t keep the lights burning.(现在分词)

       I’ll have my bike repaired.(过去分词)

       五、主补:对主语的补充。

       He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson..xiexiebang.com

       六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

       Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

       He is our friend.(代词)

       We belong to the third world.(数词)

       He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)

       The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

       The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词)

       The boys playing football are in Cla2.(现在分词)

       The trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词)

       I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)

       You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

       七、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

       The sun rises in the east.(名词)

       He likes dancing.(代词)

       Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)

       Seeing is believing.(动名词)

       To see is to believe.(不定式)

       What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

       It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

第二篇:经典英语句子成分分析

       简单句、并列句和复合句

       (一)句子种类两种分类法

       1、按句子的用途可分四种:

       1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old;She didn't hear of you before.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?

       3)祈使句:Be careful, boys;Don't talk in class

       4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!

       2、按句子的结构可分三种:

       1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

       e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

       e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

       3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

       e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.(二)简单句的五种基本句型

       1、主语 系动词 表语:e.g.He is a student.2、主语 不及物动词:e.g.We work.3、主语 及物动词 宾语:e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语 及物动词 双宾语(间接宾语 直接宾语):e.g.My father bought me a car.5、主语 及物动词 复合宾语(宾语 宾补):e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

       (三)并列句的分类

       1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g.The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.按要求完成下列句子:

       1.He dares to tell the truth.(改为否定句)

       2.They have lived here for more than ten years.(对画线部分提问)

       3.There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?(完成反意疑问)

       4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.(改为祈使句)

       5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)

       6.It is an interesting story.(改为感叹句)

       7.This magazine comes out(出版)every other week.(对画线部分提问)

       8.They could hardly believe his words, ____________?(完成反意疑问)

       9.The moon is shining brightly.(改为感叹句)

       10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.(对画线部分提问)

       答案1.He doesn't dare to tell the truth.或He dare not tell the truth.2.How long have they lived here? 3.won't there 4.Be careful with your pronunciation.5.Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6.What an interesting story(it is)!或How interesting the story is!7.How often does this magazine come out? 8.could they 9.How brightly the moon is shining!10.Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?

       it作形式主语常见句式

       动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:

       1.It be 形容词 主语从句,如:

       It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.2.It be 名词词组 主语从句,这类名词有:a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour,a question等,如:

       It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not.3.It be 过去分词 主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等,如:

       It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4.It 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有:appear, happen, seem等,如: It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.5.It be 形容词 for sb.) 动词不定式

       这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible,wise等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加for sb,如:

       It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible,wise 6.It be 形容词 of sb. 动词不定式,这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词,如:kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如:

       It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.7.It be 名词词组 动词不定式,如: It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8.It be 名词或形容词 动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等,如:

       It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.9.It take(sb.) 时间(金钱) 动词不定式,如:

       It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.实战演练:

       1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.(NMET 1997)

       A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 2.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(2022 上海)

       A.this B.that C.there D.it

       3.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)

       A.There B.This C.That D.It

       4.Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?(MET88)

       A.everyone B.this C.her D.it

       5.________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A.It B.I C.We D.They

       6.It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.A.to go B.to be going C.going D.having gone 7.It is never too late to learn, ________?

       A.is it B.isn’t it C.does it D.doesn’t it

       8.___________ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully.A.As B.What C.It D.That

       9._______ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China's JiangxiProvince killed 13 people

       A.It B.As C.That D.What

       10.___________ certain that his invention will make people’s life convenient.A.That’s B.This is C.It’s D.What’s

       11._________ that there is another football match on the air this evening.A.It says B.It was said C.It is said D.What was said 12.__________ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroa

       d.A.It’s a exciting news B.This is an exciting news C.This is exiting news D.It’s exciting news 参考答案:

       1——5 BDDDA 6——10CACAC 11——12CD

第三篇:简明英语句子成分分析

       简明英语句子成分分析

       一、句子的成分概说

       句子是包含主语部分和谓语部分的一组词。它有一定的语法结构和语调,用来表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。句子的各个组成部分,叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。此外有些句子还带有呼唤语、感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子的其他成分不发生关系,叫做独立成分。

       句子的成分一般由实词(具有实义的词类)担任。实词有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词和副词。虚词在句子中只起辅助和联系作用,不能做句子成分。虚词有冠词、介词、连词、助动词等。

       二、句子成分

       (一)主语

       主语是一句话的主题,是说话人要说明的对象,表示所谈的是“谁”或是“什么”。主语一般在谓语之前。英语里可担任主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、现在分词(短语)、从句等。

       1、名词作主语

       Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的。The letter is in her basket.信在她的篮子里。

       2、代词作主语

       He goes to school after breakfast.早饭后他去上学。

       They have lived in Beijing since 1972.自1972年以来,他们就住在北京。He has learned English for 2 years.他学英语两年了。We study hard.我们学习努力。This is a book.这是一本书。

       She is coming back either today or tomorrow.她不是今天就是明天回来。

       3、数词作主语

       Three of the boys joined the army.男孩儿中的三个参军了。Ten is a very important number.十是一个重要数字。

       4、名词化的形容词作主语 The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.富者愈富,穷者愈穷。The rich are not always happy.富有的人未必是幸福的。

       5、不定式(短语)作主语

       To read in the sun is bad for your eyes.太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。To teach them English is my job.教他们英语是我的工作。

       6、现在分词(短语)作主语

       Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害。Swimming is good exercise.游泳是很好的运动。

       7、名词化的介词作主语

       The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.我们必须承认人生之沉浮。

       8、名词化的过去分词作主语。

       The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。The deceased died of old age.死者死于年老。

       9、介词短语作主语。

       To Beijing is not very far.到北京不很远。

       9、从句作主语

       Whenever you are ready will be fine.你不论什么时候准备好都行。It’s not your fault that this has happened.发生了这样的事不是你的错。

       10、句子作主语。

       “How do you do ?”is a greeting.“你好吗?”是一句问候语。

       (二)谓语

       1、概说

       谓语是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。

       动词常分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,它们必须和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面要带宾语。通常情况下,谓语位于主语之后。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。(1)简单谓语

       简单谓语由一个动词或短语动词构成。它有时态、语态、语气等。如: He will drive to Washington.他将开车去华盛顿。

       I had finished my homework before 9 o’clock.在9点前我已完成我的家庭作业。He had left when we arrived there.当我们到时,他已经走了。(2)复合谓语

       ① 由“连系动词 表语”构成复合谓语。如: The game is very boring.这场比赛真没劲。Her brother is a driver.她哥哥是一名司机。Li Ming is a good student.李明是个好学生。

       ② 由“情态动词 动词原形”构成复合谓语。如:

       She can swim very fast.她游泳游得很快。

       We must work hard at English.我们必须努力学习英语。

       2、谓语和主语的一致

       一个句子的谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,规则如下:

       (1)主语是单数必须跟单数形式的动词,主语是复数必须跟复数形式的动词,如: He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。

       They always show concern for others.他们总是关心别人。

       (2)两个或两个以上的单数名词由and连接起来作并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。如: You, he and I are all students.我、你和他都是学生。He and I like green tea.我和他喜欢绿茶。注:

       A、用and连接的两个名词如果表示一个整体,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如: Bacon and eggs was served.火腿和蛋端了上来。

       Fork and knife was used instead of chopsticks.用刀叉而不是用筷子。

       B、有every或each修饰的单数名词并列时,谓语动词用单数形式。第二个every或each可省略。如:

       Every hour and(every)minute is important.每一小时,每一分钟都很重要。Each man and(each)woman has a seat.每位男士和女士都就坐了。

       (3)主语是单数,后面有其他干扰的成分如with, together with, along with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except 等短语时,仍和单数形式的谓语动词连用。如:

       The teacher, as well as the pupils, is doing morning exercises.老师和学生在做早操。A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital.一位妇女抱着一个婴儿正向医院走来。Emma with her students is singing an English song.埃玛和她的学生在唱一首英语歌。(4)当两个主语由or, either…or, neither…nor或not only…but also等连接时,谓语动词应该和最邻近的主语一致。如:

       His parents or his sister often helps him.要么是他父母要么是他姐姐常帮助他。

       Either Tim or his brothers have to tidy the room.不是蒂姆,就是他的兄弟们去打扫房间。Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.老师和学生都不知道答案。

       Not only the pupils but also the teacher is going to the cinema.不但学生们,而且老师也要去看电影。

       (5)有些集体名词,如:people, police, youth, cattle 等用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

       The police are looking for the missing child.警察在寻找失踪的儿童。

       People standing there are talking about the bad news.站在那边的人正在议论那个坏消息。Cattle are also kept.还养牛。

       注:people作“民族”解时,作单数用。如:

       The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。

       (6)有些名词以“s”结尾,但却是单数。如:news, physics, politics 等。所以谓语动词应用单数形式。如:

       What’s the news? 这消息是什么?

       (7)由here和there引起的句子中,如有两个和两个以上的主语,谓语动词通常和最邻近be的那个名词一致。如:

       There is a pen and three books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔,三本书。There are three books and a pen on the desk.书桌上三本书,一支钢笔。

       (8)集体名词作主语时,如作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如作为个体看待,则有复数。这类集体名词有audience(观众,听众),class(班级),committee(委员会),couple(夫妇),family(家庭),government(政府),group(小组),team(队),army(部队)等。如:

       My family is a small one.我的家庭是一个小家庭。My family are listening to the radio.我家里人正在听广播。

       The class are doing experiment in the lab.全班同学正在实验室里做实验。(9)each和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词,在意义上属于单数。它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

       Each day is better than the one before.一天比一天好。Everybody was wearing their shorts.每个人都穿着短裤。Everyone is here.每个人都在这儿。

       (10)Chinese, French, English, Japanese 等名词作主语表示语言时,用单数动词;表示人时,用复数动词。如:

       English is spoken in many countries.许多国家讲英语。The Chinese are very friendly.中国人很友好。

       (11)表示时间、重量、价值、长度、距离等的复数名词作主语时,把它视作一个整体谓语动词用单数形式。如:

       Fifty years is not a short period.50年并不是一个短时期。

       Twenty miles is a long way to walk.走二十英里路可是很长的一段路程。Where’s that five pounds? 那五英镑在哪儿?

       Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.一万美元是一大笔钱。(12)a number of 与the number of 作主语

       “a number of 复数可数名词”表示“一些”、“许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数;“the number of 复数可数名词”表示“„„的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数。如: A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆丢了许多书。

       The number of workers in this factory is increasing.这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。

       (三)表语

       表语是指跟在连系动词be, seem, look, feel, get, smell, become等词后面的词语或从句,用以说明主语的身份、特征、和状态。由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、从句等充当。

       1、名词作表语

       I was a worker at that time.那时我还是个工人。

       2、代词作表语

       These sweets are mine, those are yours.这些糖果是我的,那些是你的。——Who is it? 是谁呀? ——It’s me/I.是我。注:当人称代词作表语时,在口语中常用宾格,在正式文体中用主格。

       3、形容词作表语

       You will feel better after taking this medicine.服了这药你会感到好一些。The girl is quite pretty.这个姑娘长得相当漂亮。The price sounds reasonable.这价格听起来还是公道的。

       4、数词作表语

       We are altogether fourteen.我们一共四十个人。Five plus seven is twelve.五加七是十二。

       5、副词作表语

       Is your father in? 你父亲在家吗? The meeting is over.会议结束了。

       6、介词短语作表语

       My books are on the desk.我的书在书桌上。They are at home now.他们现在在家。

       7、动词不定式短语作表语

       My job is to teach them English.我的工作是教他们英语。The question is when to start.问题是什么时候开始。His wish is to become a teacher.她的愿望是成为一名教师。

       8、现在分词(短语)作表语

       What he likes is reading novels.他的喜好是读小说。

       9、过去分词(短语)作表语 His cup is broken.他的杯子碎了。

       Are you excited about your new job? 你对你的新工作感到高兴吗?

       10、从句作表语

       The question is what we should do first.问题是我们先干什么。

       (四)宾语

       1、直接宾语

       宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者,用在及物动词或相当与及物动词的短语动词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、名词化的形容词、现在分词(短语)、从句等。(1)名词作宾语

       She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。

       Please open the door? 请把门打开好吗? Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗?(2)代词作宾语

       She often helps us with our study.他常常帮助我们学习。

       We should keep these in mind.我们应该记住这些。

       All the students in our class should help one another.我们全班应该互相帮助。You needn’t look at me like that.你不必那样瞧着我。(3)数词作宾语

       I like the first.我喜欢第一个。(4)不定式(短语)作宾语

       He tried to catch up with his classmates.他设法赶上他的同学。I’d like to be able to dance.我希望能跳舞。(5)名词化的形容词作宾语

       We should respect the old.我们应尊敬老人。

       The scientists may find out the unknown.科学家们可以发现不知道的事物。He is always helping the poorer than himself.他总是帮助比他穷困的人。(6)现在分词(短语)作宾语

       Return the book to the library as soon as you finish reading it.你一看完这本书就还回图书馆。He stopped smoking last week.他上星期戒烟了。He denied visiting her house.他否认去过她的家。(7)从句作宾语

       She said that she was busy.她说她很忙。

       The mother asked how her daughter was.母亲问她的女儿身体如何。

       2、间接宾语

       在英语中,有些及物动词,如bring, give, send, show, tell, teach, lend, pass 等,可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫做间接宾语,指物的叫做直接宾语,间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。如:

       Can you give me any information on this matter? 你能给我提供这些事的任何信息吗? Write me a letter every month, please.请每月给我写封信。

       Can you lend me the same ruler as was used yesterday? 你能借给我昨天用的同一把尺子吗? 有时,也可以在间接宾语之前加介词to或for,构成介词短语,并把这个短语放在直接宾语之后。如:

       Mather bought the handkerchief for you, not for me.母亲是给你的,而不是给我买的手帕。I took it to the policeman on duty.我把它交给了值勤的警察。

       (五)定语

       定语是修饰名词或代词的。定语有前置定语和后置定语之分。一般来说,形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格等作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前作前置定语;而副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、从句作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之后作后置定语。

       1、形容词作前置定语

       It is a difficult problem.这是一个棘手的问题。

       He said he had an important meeting to attend.他说他有一个重要的会议要出席。

       2、代词作前置定语

       His birth-place is Beijing;Mine si Shanghai.他的出生地是北京,我的出生地是上海。May I have your name, please? 请问您的大名?

       3、数词作前置定语

       We have four lessons in the morning.上午我们上四节课。Tom is their second son.汤姆是他们的第二个儿子。

       When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.我坐下后第四个人又起来发言。

       4、名词或名词所有格作前置定语

       I do morning exercises every day.我每天做早操。

       We should follow the doctor’s advice.我们应听医生的嘱咐。

       5、副词作后置定语

       Who is the man over there? 那边的男人是谁?

       Every night, the man upstairs came back late.每天晚上,楼上的那个人回来很晚。

       6、介词短语作后置定语

       A college in London had agreed to take me.最后伦敦的一所院校同意接受我。The book on the desk is interesting.桌上那本书很有趣。

       7、不定式短语作后置定语

       Can you give me some work to do? 你能给我什么活儿干吗? He needs a place to live in.他需要有个住的地方。

       8、现在分词短语作后置定语

       The boy sitting at the desk is called Tom.坐在书桌旁的那个男孩叫汤姆。

       9、过去分词短语作后置定语

       There is a little difference between written English and spoken English.书面英语和口头英语有些不同。(单个过去分分词作前置定语)

       I hate to see letters written in pencil.我讨厌看用铅笔写的信。

       10、从句作后置定语

       The car that’s parked outside is mine.停在外面的汽车是我的。(限制性从句)

       Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。(非限制性从句)

       (六)状语

       1、状语的表现形式

       状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。可用作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、从句等。(1)副词作状语

       They work hard.他们努力工作。

       This is even better than that.这个比那个好。

       I am truly sorry to hear that.听到那件事我确实很不安。I don’t quite agree with you.我不同意你的观点。It is very nice today.今天天气很好。(2)名词作状语

       The coat costs 40 dollars.这件上衣值40美元。Come this way, please.请这边走。Wait a moment.等一会儿。

       They worked day and night.他们日夜工作。(3)介词短语作状语

       She will arrive on Monday.她将于星期一到达。Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.如果没有他的帮助,我们不可能解决这个问题。They were glad at the news.他们听到这个消息很高兴。(4)不定式作状语

       To kill bugs, spray the area regularly.为了杀死臭虫,这地方要经常喷洒。They stopped to have a rest.他们停下来休息。(5)现在分词(短语)作状语

       They entered the room, talking and laughing.他们又说又笑地走进房间。(6)从句作状语

       She won’t come to work today because she is ill.她今天没来上班是因为病了。

       I will return the book to you on Monday if I have read it by then.如果星期一读完了,那我会把书还给你的。

       She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她一直独自生活。

       2、状语的分类

       状语按照内容可以分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、方式状语、程度状语、频度状语、伴随状语。(1)时间状语

       What were you doing at ten last night? 昨晚十点钟你在干什么? At that time, she was working in a factory.那时她在工厂工作。(2)地点状语

       I met Professor Wu at the library.我在图书馆遇见了吴教授。

       注:如果句中既有时间状语,又有地点状语,则地点状语通常方阵时间状语之前。如: I’ll meet him at the school gate tomorrow.明天我们要在学校门口与他见面。(3)原因状语

       Because she was ill, Mary lost her job.玛丽由于生病,失去了工作。

       Having no money, he could not buy the TV set.因为没有钱,他不能买电视机。(4)目的状语

       In order to get into a good school, he studies hard day and night.为了考入一个好的学校,他夜以继日地苦读。

       He lit a fire so that he would be warm.他生火取暖。(5)结果状语 The wind blew with such force that people could hardly stand up against it.风很大,人们几乎站不住。

       It continued raining all that day, so that I could not stir abroad.那天下一天雨,我没法出去。(6)条件状语

       I can’t do it without your help.没有你的帮助,我做不成这件事。If it rained, I went by car.如果那时下雨,我就乘车走了。(7)让步状语

       Whatever/No matter what I said, he refused to go.不论我说什么他都不愿走。They succeeded in spite of all difficulties.尽管困难重重,他们还是成功了。(8)方式状语

       He knew the country around as he knew his own house.他了解那儿的乡村一如他了解自己的房舍。(9)程度状语

       放在被修饰的词之前,但enough一词则放在形容词之后。We are very busy.我们很忙。

       This problem is difficult enough.这个问题够难的。(10)频度状语

       作频度状语的副词always, often, usually, seldom, ever, never 等一般放在实意动词之前,连系动词之后。如:

       They have already done their homework.他们已经做完作业。We’ll never forget your kindness.我们永远忘不了你的好意。She almost forgot about the whole thing.她几乎忘了整个事情。They are always late for school.他们总是上学迟到。They can hardly stay at home alone.他们几乎不单独在家。He has never been there.他从来没去过那里。(11)伴随状语

       They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早餐,谈论着旅行计划。

       She stood there, listening to the radio.她站在那里,听着收音机。

       (七)宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词,除了要有一个直接宾语外,还要带上宾语补足语,句子的意思才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语(简称宾补)一起构成复合宾语,二者之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以作宾补的有形容词、副词、名词、不定式(短语)、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、介词短语等。如:

       1、形容词作宾语补足语

       I made the room beautiful.我把房子拾掇得漂漂亮亮的。No one ever saw him angry.从未有人见他恼怒过。

       2、副词作宾语补足语

       Keep the lights on while you are out.你不在家时,请开着灯。

       He found the meeting over when he arrived there.他到那里时,发现会议已经结束了。

       3、名词作宾语补足语

       They named the child John.他们给孩子取名约翰。They made him head of the group.他们选他当小组长。

       4、不定式短语作宾语补足语

       What do you want me to do? 你希望我为你做些什么事?

       The doctor advised Mary to have more exercises.大夫劝玛丽多锻炼。

       注:当动词hear, feel, make, watch, see, observe 等词后面的宾语补足语是不定式时,在主动语态中,不定式前面的“to”必须省略;在被动语态中,不定式前面的“to”不能省略。如: I heard someone knock at the next door.我听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。I saw him run away.我看到他逃跑了。

       5、现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语

       I saw him coming last night.我昨晚看见他来了。

       Aren’t you ashamed to have everybody laughing at you? 你弄得人们都笑你,难道不害臊?

       6、过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语

       I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表。(叫别人修的表)

       When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.你说话,至少要让别人听懂。

       7、介词短语作宾语补足语

       You should put your things in order.你应该把你的东西摆整齐。Make yourselves at home.你们请随意。

       (八)主语补足语 英语中补足主语的意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语,常见的有形容词、名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词、从句等。如:

       Tired and sleep, I went to bed.我又累又困,就去睡了。(形容词用作主语补足语常置于主语前。)

       The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.那人不可置信地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。(形容词有时也置于主语之后,前后皆有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。)

       You act strange.你有点异乎寻常呀。(主语补足语常置于谓语动词之后,形成“主 谓 主补”结构。)

       He got off the bench very nervous.他很不安地从长凳上下来。(主语补足语置于宾语之后,形成“主 谓 宾 主补”结构。)

       He was called Oliver.他名叫奥利弗。(名词作主语补足语。)

       He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼去了。(不定式作主语补足语。)

       Starting as a street vendor, he is now general manager of a trading corporation in Shanghai.他原来是一个街道摊贩,现在则是上海一家贸易公司的总经理。(现在分词短语作主语补足语。)He came home quite changed.他回到家时已完全变了。(过去分词短语作主语补足语。)He came home out of happiness.他回到家时很不高兴。(介词短语作主语补足语。)People are just born what color they are.人们的肤色是天生的。(名词性从句作主语补足语。)As a true friend he stood by me to the end.作为我的真挚朋友,他助我到最后。(用作主语补足语的名词之前有as。)

       He was taken for my brother.他被误认作我的兄弟。(主语补足语之前有时也可用介词for。)

       三、独立成分

       (一)呼唤语

       称呼人的用语,称为呼唤语。它可以位于句首,也可以位于句末或句中。Hurry up, children, or we’ll be late.赶快吧,孩子们!否则我们要迟到了。

       Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 夏洛克,如果你不宽恕别人,你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?

       (二)感叹语

       感叹语表示喜怒哀乐等感情。他多位于句首,也可放在句中或句末。常用作感叹语的感叹词有:hello, oh, well, why, alas, eh 等。如: Here!Don’t cry!好了!别哭了!Oh, what a beautiful garden this is!啊!这是多么美丽的花园!Well, well, here’s Jack.哎呦,杰克来了。Why, it is past noon.哎呀,已经中午了。

       Ah!I have never heard of such things before!啊!我以前从未听说过这种事情!注:

       A、其他同类的词也可用作感叹词,表示突然的情绪。如:

       Fire!Fire!Water!Quick!The house is on fire.着火了!着火了!水!快!房子着火了!B、yes 和no在句子里也是一种独立成分。如: ——Do you know Tom? 你认识汤姆? ——Yes, I do.是的,我认识。

       (三)插入语

       在叙事中途往往插入一些词语,对一句话作一些附加的解释。这类词语称为插入语。它可位于句首、句中或句末。

       常用的插入语有:I think 我想,I believe 我相信,I suppose 我想,I must admit 我必须承认,in my opinion 依我看,as far as I know 据我所知,as…is concerned 就„„来说,to tell you the truth 说真的,to be frank 坦率地说,in other words 换句话说,after all 毕竟,of course 当然,if you don’t mind 如果你不介意的话,if I may say so 如果我可以这样说的话,„„等。如: By the way, do you happen to know the young man’s name? 顺便问一下,你知道那个年轻人的名字吗?

       That’s the cheapest suit we have, I’m afraid.恐怕那是我们最便宜的西服了。To be frank, I don’t think you are right.坦率地说,我认为你是错的。

       The cross-talk, I think, was both interesting and instructive.那个相声,我觉得既有趣又能教育人。

       注:由于本人水平有限,难免会有不足或错误之处,欢迎读者批评指正,相互学习,共同进步。

       2022年3月10日

       夜整理于宿舍

第四篇:英语句子成分

       句子成分(Members of a Sentence)

       为什么又要分词类(parts of speech),又要分句子成分呢?两者关系密切,但两者是不同的概念。同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分,同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。

       什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“I”,作宾语用宾格“me”,作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。

       汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多,实际上有不少差别。例如:

       (1)Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。(2)I'll go when I have had my dinner.我吃了饭就去。

       在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中,同一个主语在句

       “小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”,省去了第二个分句的主语,倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来,说成“小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。把句子的各个成分搞清楚,也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点,才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意,在分析句子结构时,应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构,划分句子成分无非是为了理解,或者是为了造句。这个目的达到了就行了,不必过于细致,更不要钻牛角尖,否则就会事倍功半。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯,而且语言是很灵活的东西,发展过程也很复杂,很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时,语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的,有时尽管不符合语法,也是正确的。英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

       英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: S V(主+谓)二: S V P(主+谓+表)三: S V O(主+谓+宾)S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型 一

       此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

       S │ V(不及物动词)

       1.The sun │was shining.2.The moon │rose.3.The universe │remains.4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.5.Who │cares?

       6.What he said │does not matter.7.They │talked for half an hour.8.The pen │writes smoothly 1.太阳在照耀着。2.月亮升起了。3.宇宙长存。

       4.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.管它呢?

       6.他所讲的没有什么关系。7.他们谈了半个小时。这支笔书写流利。基本句型 二

       此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

       S │V(是系动词)│ P

       1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner │smells │good.3.He │fell │in love.4.Everything │looks │different.5.He │is growing │tall and strong.6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7.Our well │has gone │dry.8.His face │turned │red.1.这是本英汉辞典。

       2.午餐的气味很好。3.他堕入了情网。

       4.一切看来都不同了。5.他长得又高又壮。麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.我们井干枯了。

       8.他的脸红了。基本句型 三

       此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

       S │V(及物动词)│ O

       1.Who │knows │the answer? 2.She │smiled │her thanks.3.He │has refused │to help them.4.He │enjoys │reading.5.They │ate │what was left over.6.He │said │“Good morning.” 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.1.谁知道答案?

       2.她微笑表示感谢。3.他拒绝帮他们。

       4.他喜欢看书。5.他们吃了剩饭。

       6.他说:“早上好!” 我想喝杯茶。

       8.他承认犯了错误。基本句型 四

       此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词被省略。

       S │V(及物)│ o(多指人)│ O(多指物)

       1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress.2.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.3.He │brought │you │a dictionary.4.He │denies │her │nothing.5.I │showed │him │my pictures.6.I │gave │my car │a wash.7.I │told │him │that the bus was late.8.He │showed │me │how to run the machine.1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.他给你带来了一本字典。

       4.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.我给他看我的照片。我洗了我的汽车。7.我告诉他汽车晚点了。

       8.他教我开机器。基本句型 五

       此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

       S │V(及物)│ O(宾语)│ C(宾补)

       1.They │appointed │him │manager.2.They │painted │the door │green.3.This │set │them │thinking.4.They │found │the house │deserted.5.What │makes │him │think so? 6.We │saw │him │out.7.He │asked │me │to come back soon.8.I │saw │them │getting on the bus.1.他们任命他当经理。

       2.他们把门漆成绿色。3.这使得他们要细想一想。

       4.他们发现那房子无人居住。5.他怎么会这样想?

       6.我们送他出去。他要我早点回来。

       8.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

       但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是

       各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五为例: We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。

       We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。

       We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

       不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。

第五篇:英语句子成分(范文)

       英语句子成分

       先来认识一下词性。记住下列缩写,查字典时就比较方便了

       名词(nouns)n.代词(pronoun)pron.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.副词(adverb)adv.动词(Verb)v.介词(preposition)prep.连词(conjunction)conj.及物动词vt.不及物动词vi.这里所说的词,不是指一个单词,而是指一个逻辑上相当于一个词的单位。比如:Shandong Province就视作一个词。当然,大多数词只由一个单词构成。

       名词是指人、物、事等实体或抽象事物的词,在句子中通常可以用代词来替代,可以分为专有名词如Beijing,和普通名词如book,专有名词一般首字母大写。

       代词是代替人、物、事等的一种词,如汉语中我你他她它。代词在句中相当于n.或adj.相当于名词的代词,如:人称代词(顾名思义,称呼人的代词)(he,him)、名词性物主代词(顾名思义,相当于名词的指示东西的主人的代词)(mine)、反身代词(顾名思义,反躬自指的代词)(myself)、相互代词(顾名思义,几个人相互指代的代词)(each other,one another)、指示代词(顾名思义,你指给我某个东西看时用的代词)(this)、疑问代词(顾名思义,发出疑问时用的代词)(what)、不定代词(顾名思义,让智商低的人听了不知道指谁的代词)(all,one)等。相当于形容词的代词,如形容词性物主代词(顾名思义,相当于形容词的指示东西的主人的代词)(your)、指示代词(this)、疑问代词(what)、不定代词(all,one)等。

       动词,就是用来表示各类动作的词汇,基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词。动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词要且一定要接宾语,不及物动词一定不能接宾语。这里的宾语是指从句子的语法角度看的宾语而不是指从逻辑关系角度看的宾语。如汉语“我去学校。”去是及物的。而英语“I go to school.”go是不及物的。但你可以把“go to”看成这个短语看成一个动词,这样go to就是个及物动词了。大多数动词是实意动词。还有一种动词叫系动词,如am,is,feel,turn,prove,他们后面跟表语构成系表结构,系表结构就相当于谓语了,可以体会一下。还有情态动词(如may,should),情态动词后要加动词原形。还有助动词。

       形容词是用来修饰【名词或相当于名词的词】的词,副词是一种用来修饰【动词、形容词、全句】的词。按照表意可以分为表大小的形容词,表颜色的形容词,表材料的形容词„„表频率的副词,表时间的副词,表地点的副词„„

       介词就像一个关系强大的黑中介,当有【名词或相当于名词的词】要介入到这个句子中,但是主语宾语已经满额了时,这个名词就要委身作为这个介词的宾语,两者构成介宾短语,然后让这个介词带它介入到句子中去。但即使两人侥幸介入到了句子中,也往往担任不了要职(主语,宾语),只能相当于形容词或副词做修饰说明的成分。I go to school.中的to school就是这样一个介宾短语,它做的是地点状语(顾名思义,表示地点的状语)。

       连词是连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的词汇。And就是个连词。为了对称的美感,连词两端尽量做到性质、形式相同,这可以帮助你理解一些语法题。

       冠词加在名词前面,可以说是名词的一种标志,冠词有a,an,the.不定冠词的“不定”和不定代词的“不定”是一个意思哦!

       数词分为基数词(几)和序数词(第几)两种。

       助词就是帮助别的词或句子的词,文言中的之乎者也之类的词。助词有结构助词(如强调句中的that),时态助词(如完成时中的have)等)。

       练习:查字典指出下来词的词性;

       AlthoughelsetheirsawareeverydayChinesemerelyIn front ofmuchsentencenoneno matter howhowever

       让我们还原一下英语由简单到复杂的进化的历程:(个人愚见,不要较真)

       最开始,只有一些简单的名词,动词,还没有句子的概念,只是把词堆起来。如:I pain help 之后就有了简单的句子,按一定规则把名词动词穿起来。随着句子的发展,需要表达更多意思形容词,副词,代词等也开始发展了。最初的简单句大致是主系表或者主谓宾。(在本文系动词 谓语 宾语 表语(定语)[状语] {补语} <同位语>)在之后句子就发展得更壮大了,为了说得更形象具体,定状补等修饰成分出现,还知道使用介宾短语。I eat a(red)apple [happily].He makes me {cry} [in the morning].英语句子有一个原则:一个句子只有一个主语,一个谓语。可是这样不便于罗列名词和动词,于是出现了and之类的连词来连接并列的词语,是语言简单。

       可再之后句子变得越来越长,人们想既然词语可以用连词连接,句子当然也可以,于是就进化出了连词,有了连词就有了复杂的长句子:并列句和复合句。但是长句子往往显得不简洁,为此,人们创造出了非谓语动词的用法,也就是动名词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式。打破了动词只能做谓语的限制。

       之后就出现了倒装、省略、强调、虚拟语气等有修饰作用的用法。

       暂时讲到这儿。下面介绍3种句子种类。

       简单句:通常,指含有一个主谓结构的句子。当然,使用连词简单连接动词名词了的简单句任然认定为简单句。如:

       Time iswealth.Time and opportunity are wealth.Time is wealth and is shared with us all.并列句:含有两个或更多各自独立的主谓结构,并体现为两个或更多各自独立的分句(彼此是独立的、是互不辖属的),如:

       Time iswealth and health is also wealth.复合句:含有两个或更多各自独立的主谓结构,并体现为两个或更多有主次之分的分句(彼此不是独立的,从句隶属于主句),如各种XX从句:

       Time is the wealth which is shared with us all.英语的一个句号、问号或叹号标志着一句话的结束。通常情况下一句话必须属于简单句、并列句、复合句中的一种。英语中的冒号和分号起连词的作用,不是一句话结束的标志。下面正式开讲英语语句的结构成分。

       先来体会一下:主语宾语通常由【名词或相当于名词的词】来充当;谓语由【动词或相当于动词的词】来充当;表语通常由【形容词或名词】或【相当于形容词或名词的词】来充当;定语通常由【形容词或相当于形容词的词】来充当;定语通常由【副词或相当于副词的词】来充当。动名词就是相当于名词的词。现在分词、过去分词是相当于形容词或相当于副词的词,不定式最强大,是相当于名词、形容词或副词的词,介宾短语是相当于形容词或副词的词,系表结构是相当于动词的词。这就是为什么要先讲词性再讲句子成分的原因。主谓宾表应该没问题了吧!

       是形式主义,to please all是真正的主语。当然,你可以看到在不定式内部又可以划分出结构to please all。在复杂的非谓语动词词组和从句中有可以划分句子结构,这每一层都必须结构严谨。They take a fancy to these film stars.这个句子你既可以理解为:They take a fancy to these film stars.也可以理解为:They take a fancy [to these film stars].句子划分可以不用太死板。有的动词接两个宾语,一个叫直接宾语,一个叫间接宾语。下面两种说法中warm weather and flowers是直接宾语,us是间接宾语。

       Spring brings us warm weather and flowers.Spring brings warm weather and flowers to us.有时谓语会比较复杂:If he hadn’t stayed on net, we would have parted company.练习:在以下的文字中, 有十二个首尾相接的句子, 这十二个句子各自主语部分的最后一词分别是哪一个?请用下划线标明。

       A whole day’s walk yesterday with no plan tired the three children out our going there won’t help much one is an odd number the walking for long did them no harm these experiments show them that danger what we do willingly is easy her coming at the weekend can give a great pleasure to the children everything she did is this to study may tell you how to study it is certain that the electric brain can not take the place of the human brain after all the wanted is here

       答 案

       A whole day’s walk yesterday with no plan tired the three children out our going there won’t help much one is an odd number the walking for long did them no harm these experiments show them that danger what we do willingly is easy her coming at the weekend can give a great pleasure to the children everything she did is this to study may tell you how to study it is certain that the electric brain can not take the place of the human brain after all the wanted is here

       定状补是修饰成分。定语修饰名词,状语修饰动词,宾语补足语是说明宾语怎么怎么样的,通常宾语和宾语补足语单拿出来加上系动词或不加,能形成一句话。主语补足语是说明主语怎么怎么样的,原理同宾语补足语类似。

       感受一下这个例子:

       [After a(few more days’)desert tramping], we [accidentally] saw(several)(wild)camels {run [away] [rapidly] [in the distance]}.[又经过(几天的)沙漠跋涉],我们[偶然]看见(几只)(野)骆驼{[从远处][飞快地]跑[远了]}。

       汉语中带“的 ”的是定语,带“地”的是状语,带“得”的是补语。

       这就是传说中的现在分词作补语了:

       We found the water {moving below some unknown plants}.这就是传说中的带to和不带to的不定式作补语了:

       The water made us {know water {to have so great worth}}.两个补语可拆成:We know water to have so great worth.和Water has so great worth.主语补足语是这样的: 下面我们来欣赏一下各种奇怪的定语和状语,一般的就不列举了。

       He made(a thousand and one)excuses.Things(suitable for us)are always those(ignored by us).(后置定语)

       He is the first(to come).The best way(to be safe)is [never] to feel secure.All is fish(that comes to net).(定语修饰all)

       [Even if an ass travels [over the whole world]], he may not come home [a horse].We eat [to live], we don’t live [to eat].倒装句)

       Your grade is good [enough].At open doors dogs come [in].同位语,这个简单到家了。

       In the first class, our vocal music teacher, , gave us all an especial gift,or rather .I love you,, namely .插入语,看一个例子吧

       Where there is whispering, to be honest,there is lying.英语语句中用作插入语的常见词语after all, as a result, briefly, in addition, strange to say......看几种修饰手法: 状语置于句首,倒装以示强调)用特殊句首强调)感叹句)

       Smoking here isn’t safe,is it?(反义疑问句)If we had no enemies, the good luck would forget us.(虚拟语气)

       Wish you success!(祈使句)倒装句)

       练习:画出句子成分(下面一段选自《简爱》开头)

       There was no possibility of taking a walk that day.We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery(n,灌木林)an hour in the morning;but since dinner(Mrs.Reed, when there was no company, dined early)the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre(a.阴沉的), and a rain so penetrating(a.刺骨的), that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question.I was glad of it: I never liked long walks, especially on chilly(a.寒冷的)afternoons: dreadful to me was the coming home in the raw twilight(n.黄昏), with nipped fingers and toes, and a heart saddened by the chidings(n.斥责)of Bessie, the nurse, and humbled(v.使受挫)by the consciousness(=awareness)of my physical inferiority(n.虚弱)to Eliza, John, and Georgiana Reed.略微文艺一点的译文:

       那天,出去散步是不可能了。其实,早上我们还在光秃秃的灌木林中溜达了一个小时,但从午饭时起(无客造访时,里德太太很早就用午饭)便刮起了冬日凛冽的寒风,随后阴云密布,大雨滂沱,室外的活动也就只能作罢了。我倒是求之不得。我向来不喜欢远距离散步,尤其在冷飕飕的下午。试想,阴冷的薄暮时分回得家来,手脚都冻僵了,还要受到保姆贝茵的数落,又自觉体格不如伊丽莎、约翰和乔治亚娜,心里既难过又惭愧,那情形委实可怕。答案: indeed, [in the(leafless)shrubbery] [an hour] [in the morning];but [since dinner] [when there was no company], dined had brought [with {(so)sombre}, {(so)penetrating}, [that further was [now] out of the was glad [of it]: [never] liked(long)walks, [especially] [on chilly afternoons]]: [dreadful [to me] home [in the(raw)twilight], [with(nipped)fingers and toes, and a heart {saddened

       [by the chidings](of Bessie), , and humbled [by the consciousness](of(my)(physical)inferiority(to Eliza, John, and Georgiana Reed))}].]

       当然你可以有其他的理解方式,只要不会误解原意即可。